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Edexcel Geography Unit 3 > Superpowers > Flashcards

Superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the USA’s GDP compared to China?

A

The US has a GDP of $16.8 trillion, where as China’s is $9.2 trillion.

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2
Q

How many patents did Apple gain during 2014?

A

Apples patents grew 13% in 2014.

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3
Q

How many countries has the USA put troops in?

A

54 countries.

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4
Q

What percentage of voting rights to the IMF and WB is owned by the US? How does this compare to the BRICs?

A

The US has 16.8% voting rights to the IMF and WB, compared to the BRICs who have 9.7% voting rights.

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5
Q

How much does the US spend on military annually?

A

$515 billion.

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6
Q

How many troops does the US have?

A

1.3 million.

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7
Q

How many countries does Coca-Cola sell in?

A

Over 200.

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8
Q

How many countries does McDonalds sell in?

A

120.

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9
Q

Name a trade bloc the US is involved in?

A

NAFTA.

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10
Q

What processes maintain a superpowers status?

A

Military influence, Economic Influence, Cultural Influence, Geographical reach and trade.

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11
Q

How was Britain able to maintain it’s superpower status during the 19th century?

A

The Industrial Revolution and it’s Navy. This allowed it to reach coastal locations and control them.

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12
Q

Name a prominent leader in the British navy? What did he do?

A

Sir Francis Drake, who defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.

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13
Q

Name two locations which brought in trade for The British Empire?

A

Australia (New Wales) brought in slaves and sugar.

The Caribbean brought in Banana’s.

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14
Q

How large was the British Navy during it’s rise to power?

A

Largest in the World.

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15
Q

How many people did The British Empire Control in 1916?

A

415 million. 23% of the World’s population at the time.

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16
Q

What language and sport were spread to the Commonwealth?

A

English and Cricket.

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17
Q

What were the British described as politically?

A

Pragmatic. They changed allies at whatever time suited them.

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18
Q

How and why are superpower statuses changing?

A

The rise of new powers and the decline of older powers, that are unable keep up with the fast-changing world.

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19
Q

How did the USSR rise as a superpower?

A

After the destruction of WWI and the civil war. A strict, communist government set to rebuild through a series of 5 year plans.

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20
Q

How many years did it take for the USSR to rebuild?

A

20 years, 4 sets of 5 year plans.

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21
Q

How much did steel production increase between 1913-1937?

A

6x.

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22
Q

What ideologies did the USSR have? And what happened when a new leader came to power?

A

Communist. Gorbachev, allowed capitalist ideas to flourish. Implementing ‘Petroiska’ which allowed private businesses and ‘Glasnost’ which allowed political freedom, ultimately leading to the fall of the USSR.

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23
Q

What percentage did the Russian economy decline during the 1990s?

A

80%.

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24
Q

What percentage did Russian production decrease during the 1990s?

A

50%.

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25
Q

Russian healthcare ranked? Out of how many countries?

A

130th out of 191 countries.

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26
Q

How many deaths in young men were due to alcohol in Russia during the 1990s?

A

50%.

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27
Q

What was the annual monthly income in Russia in 2005?

A

$500.

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28
Q

How quickly did the economies of the BRICs grow in 2007?

A

China 12%, India 9%, Russia 7%, Brazil 4.5%.

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29
Q

How large is India and China’s populations?

A

India 1.1 billion, China 1.3 billion (40% of the world).

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30
Q

Who had the most gold medals in the Beijing olympics 2008?

A

China.

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31
Q

How large is China’s army?

A

2.2 million.

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32
Q

What political differences do the BRICs have?

A

India and Brazil are capitalist, whereas Russia and China both lean towards communism.

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33
Q

Are the BRIC’s economic rivals?

A

Yes. Especially China and India. China has rebuilt post war Sri Lanka, to possibly take away investment in India.

34
Q

What happened at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference 2009?

A

The BRICs (including South Africa) declined the policies given, nothing was achieved.

35
Q

What nation has the largest CO2 emissions? And how far below is India?

A

China. China has 3x more carbon emissions than India.

36
Q

How much railway was placed in India by the British?

A

16,000km.

37
Q

What theories contribute to our understanding of patterns within superpowers?

A

Modernisation Theory, Dependency Theory, Mackinder’s Heartland Theory and World Systems Theory.

38
Q

How does the Modernisation Theory link to changing patterns within superpowers?

A

The Rise of the British, a more intelligent nation colonising nations and sharing it’s ideologies helping nations develop.

39
Q

How does the Dependency Theory link to changing patterns within superpowers?

A

Both core and periphery depend on each other, USA depend on the periphery to maintain it’s status, using IGO’s.

40
Q

How does the Mackinder’s Heartland Theory link to changing patterns within superpowers?

A

Pivot point located in Eurasia, whoever owns that, will become a superpower, Rise of the USSR.

41
Q

How does the World Systems Theory link to changing patterns within superpowers?

A

Dynamic theory, semi-periphery reaching to become the core. The rise of the BRIC’s in recent years.

42
Q

What are the different types of control?

A

Colonialism vs Neo-Colonialism.

43
Q

How does Neo-Colonialism work?

A

Highly indebted countries look towards the IMF for help, however that comes with strings attached such as an open market. This means protected countries are able to flood free countries with cheap primary goods, and decrease the value of these primary goods.

44
Q

What are trade tariffs?

A

Highly developed countries protect their industries by putting an import fee to stop lower developed nations from investing in making manufactured goods.

45
Q

What are the tariffs on Ghana’s cocoa?

A

Cocoa beans have a 0% tariff, Cocoa powder has a 7.7% tariff and a 15% on chocolate with cocoa butter, when entering the US.

46
Q

What is the WTO, and who controls it?

A

The World Trade Order is controlled by the most powerful nations, hence why developed countries are able to subsidise whereas poorer countries are unable to due to their rules on joining.

47
Q

What happened to Mozambique after Trade Liberalisation?

A

Mozambique was flooded with cheap nuts, and was unable to subsidise and protect it’s nuts.

48
Q

How many jobs were lost in Mozambique after trade liberalisation?

A

The nut industry collapsed, over 9000 jobs were lost.

49
Q

How much did the GDP in Mozambique decrease after Trade Liberalisation?

A

GDP per capita went from $1745 in 1975 to $640 in 1995.

50
Q

How do superpowers have control over global decision making?

A

A much larger economy, more funding=larger decisions, Headquarters are located in HICs, schemes setup by IGO’s are run by HICs, powers grouping together.

51
Q

How does control of trade increase the status of a country?

A

Trade = larger economy, large populations = a large market to access with trade, large potential for FDI and outsourcing, laws and regulations can follow your country, HQ’s of TNC’s located in your country.

52
Q

Name one TNC with it’s HQ located in India.

A

Tata Steel.

53
Q

How has Americanisation occurred?

A

TNC’s located in the USA spreading their reach, Film, TV and Music industry culture. And the news.

54
Q

What was the number 1 largest-grossing film of all time?

A

Titanic, had a large American input with actors, technology, funding etc.

55
Q

Name 2 American News stations.

A

Fox News, CNN.

56
Q

What method is used by American TNC’s to fit other nations needs?

A

Glocalisation.

57
Q

Negatives of Americanisation?

A

Less diverse, a loss of culture, capitalist views forced upon developing nations, American dream toll on the environment?

58
Q

Positives of Americanisation?

A

Global peace, less differences to cause large-scale wars? Global language, further spread of English. Spread of sports?

59
Q

Benefits to the rise of the BRIC’s?

A

Less poverty among lower developed nations, better decision making, helping the poorer nations, stronger trade, increased peacekeeping, end of the USA’s neo-colonialism.

60
Q

Cons to the rise of the BRIC’s?

A

Proxy Wars, exploitation of poorer countries? Worse safety regulations, waging wars within Africa and larger carbon emissions.

61
Q

Name the fund set up by China to relieve debt and encourage investment in Africa?

A

$1 Billion African fund.

62
Q

How many Chinese TNC’s have invested in Africa?

A

700.

63
Q

Name an example of bad safety laws in Africa, linked with Chinese investment?

A

The death of 45 workers, in a Chinese run mine in Zambia, 2005.

64
Q

What does China gain for the exploitation of Africa?

A

Finite resources such as oil. As well as land for agriculture, China obtained 2.8 million hectares of land between 2006-2009.

65
Q

How much African debt was written off by China?

A

$1.5 billion.

66
Q

What is Africa’s trade deficit with China?

A

$55 billion.

67
Q

How much does Sudan get from China, and what is it spent on?

A

Sudan produces $500 million from oil, from China. Over 80% is sent back to China and spent on weaponry.

68
Q

How many troops have been put in Africa to keep peace by China?

A

Over 4,000.

69
Q

What nation is the largest CO2 emitter?

A

China.

70
Q

How much more CO2 does China produce compared to India?

A

3x more.

71
Q

How is the USA threatened by the rise of the BRICs?

A

Economic Influence, Military Influence, Political Influence but not Cultural Influence.

72
Q

How many nuclear warheads do Russia have compared to the USA?

A

2x more.

73
Q

Why has the cultural influence not spread like the US culture has?

A

The BRIC’s don’t have that level of influence, not a superpower. There are small elements such as Chinese Food which have spread though.

74
Q

Population growth of Russia?

A

-0.5%.

75
Q

How many TNC’s are from the US in the top 10 TNC’s?

A

8.

76
Q

What disputes do India and China have?

A

Territorial disputes over Kashmir.

77
Q

What are the different types of future world scenarios?

A

Multi-Polar (rise of the BRICs and US), Global Convergence (worldwide efforts for challenges, UN plays large role) and Globalised (similar to today, US reign).

78
Q

Is there a likely nuclear arms race?

A

Yes around areas of the Middle East, making them a much more important superpower. With Iran’s investment into Nuclear technology will lead many others to this become armed.

79
Q

Are these nations investing in Nuclear technology politically stable?

A

No, therefore much more likely chance of Nuclear warfare.

80
Q

What other nation is posing a large threat of nuclear warfare?

A

North Korea, which has only recently threatened nuclear warfare.

81
Q

Is there a likely end to current terrorist groups?

A

Al-Qaeda and ISIS both expected to last up to 40 years, likely that their goals will not be achieved as only 6% of terrorist groups achieve goals stated.

Edexcel Geography Unit 3 (4 decks)

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