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602 Exam 2 > Superior & Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Superior & Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Define mediastinum

A

mass of tissues & organs separating the 2 lungs

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2
Q

Where is the mediastinum located

A

Located between sternum in front & vertebral column behind
Located from thoracic inlet above to diaphragm below

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3
Q

What does the mediastinum contain within it?

A

Contains all structures in thorax, except the lungs!

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4
Q

What is within the 5 different boundaries of the mediastinum?

A

Anterior: sternum & costal cartilages
Posterior: thoracic vertebral bodies
Superior: thoracic inlet
Inferior: diaphragm
Lateral: pleura

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5
Q

What organs/vessels/nerves are within the middle of the mediastinum?

A

Heart
Pericardium
Great vessels
phrenic nerves

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6
Q

What organs/vessels/nerves are within the superior portion of the mediastinum?

A

Trachea
esophagus
Great vessels
Vagus nerves
Thoracic duct
Thymus

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7
Q

What organs/vessels/nerves are within the posterior portion of the mediastinum?

A

Esophagus, descending aorta, vagal trunks, azygos and hemiazygos nerves

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8
Q

What organs/vessels/nerves are within the anterior portion of the mediastinum?

A

Thymus and lymph nodes

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9
Q

The superior mediastinum contains what 7 things?

A

Aortic arch
Superior vena cava
Esophagus & trachea
Thoracic duct
Vagus & phrenic nerves
Thymus gland
Azygos vein

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10
Q

The aortic arch is a continuation of ___ as it leaves the heart

A

ascending aorta

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11
Q

___ is a remnant of ductus arteriorsis

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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13
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk subdivide into?

A

Right subclavian artery & right common carotide

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14
Q

What combines to form the superior vena cava?

A

R & L brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

What are the brachiocephalic veins?

A

Internal thoracic, vertebral, inferior thyroid, highest intercostal vein

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16
Q

Deoxygenated or oxygenated blood goes into the superior vena cava

A

Deoxygenated

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17
Q

Where does the superior vena cava lie?

A

lies on R side of mediastinum anterolateral to trachea & posterolateral to ascending aorta

18
Q

Esophagus location

A

runs posterior to trachea, anterior to bodies of vertebra, posterior to L principal bronchus

19
Q

Trachea location

A

between aorta & esophagus

20
Q

Thoracic duct originates in the ___ and ascends through ___ and terminates at ___

A

Originates in abdomen & starts above diaphragm in a structure called cysterna chyli

Ascends through both posterior & superior mediastinum

Terminates at L subclavian & internal jugular veins

21
Q

Vagus & phrenic nerve location

A

Neck

22
Q

The R & L vagus nerve branches to ___.
What does the R recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around & ascend into?
What does the L recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around & ascend into?

A

Branches to pulmonary, esophageal & cardiac plexuses

R recurrent laryngeal nerve - loops around subclavian artery & ascends into neck to innervate larynx

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve - loops around aortic arch & ascends into neck to innervate larynx

23
Q

Phrenic nerves come off of what roots?

A

3, 4, 5

24
Q

What’s significant about the thymus gland?

A

It shrinks after puberty

25
Q

The posterior mediastinum contains the

A

Descending aorta
Azygos vein
Homizygos vein
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Phrenic nerves
Vagus nerves
Splanchnic nerves

26
Q

Where does the descending aorta begin, where’s its location?

A

Begins at lower border of T4 (at level of sternal angle)
Located posterior to diaphragm

27
Q

What are the branches of the descending aorta?

A

Bronchial artery
Posterior intercostal artery
Subcostal artery
Esophageal artery
Phrenic (superior) artery

28
Q

The azygos vein is formed by the junction of the. Where does it end?

A
  • R subcostal & R ascending lumbar veins
  • Ends in lower part of superior vena cava
29
Q

The azygos vein receives tributaries from

A

R posterior intercostal vein
R superior costal V

30
Q

The accessory homizygos vein is formed by the union of

A

3 or 4 posterior intercostal veins above T8

31
Q

The homizygos vein is formed by the junction of ___. It ends around ___

A

L subcostal & L ascending lumbar veins

Ends around T8 by crossing to R & joining azygos vein

32
Q

The homizygos vein receives tributaries from

A

L posterior intercostal veins below T8
Accessory hemiazygos vein

33
Q

The upper 1/3 is ___ & lower 2/3 is ___ in the esophagus

A

Voluntary
Involuntary

34
Q

Where does the esophagus lie? What does it have a close relationship with?

A

Lies posterior to trachea & aorta in superior mediastinum & a bit to R of midline

Has close relationship w/ vagus, cervical, & thoracic sympathetic trunk

35
Q

The vagus nerves lie behind the

A

Principal bronchi

36
Q

In the esophageal plexus, ___ lie in the upper 1/3 & ___ lie in the lower 2/3

A

Voluntary motor fibers
Autonomic fibers

37
Q

What are the vagal trunks? What lies in the anterior & posterior portion?

A

R & L nerves come together

Anterior = primarily from L vagus
Posterior = primarily from R vagus

38
Q

What are splanchnic nerves? Where are the greater, lesser, & lowest splanchnic located?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that pass through diaphragm to abdominal viscera

Greater = T5-T10
Lesser = T9-T11
Lowest = T12 or last

39
Q

The sympathetic trunk is part of what nervous system?

A

Autonomic nervous system

40
Q

In the splanchnic nerves, ganglia communicate w/ intercostal nerves via

A

rami communications (gray & white)

41
Q

Trosier’s sign is accompanied by

A

weight loss & vomiting

602 Exam 2 (10 decks)

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