Pericardium & Heart

Question 1

___ is a double walled fibroserous sac that encloses the heart & roots of great vessels

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

Layers of the pericardium. Function of outer layer

Answer 2

Outer layer = fibrous pericardium
- protects heart from overfilling
Inner layer = Serous pericardium

Question 3

Layers of inner layer of pericardium. What’s the potential space between these layers?

Answer 3

Parietal layer - fused to inner surface of fibrous pericardium
Visceral layer - reflected onto heart to form epicardium (outer layer of hear)
Pericardial cavity

Question 4

How is the heart oriented? Where does the base, apex, & surface?

Answer 4

pyramid laying on its side & to the left
- Base faces posteriorly
- Apex faces anteriorly & to the left
- Surfaces: R & L pulmonary surface, & diaphragmatic surface

Question 5

Describe the coronary sulcus

Answer 5

Separates base from rest of heart
Separates atria from ventricles
A groove that goes all the way around the heart
Blood vessels run within it

Question 6

Describe the interventricular sulci

Answer 6

There’s an anterior & posterior
Arteries descended from anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus
Vessels form a half circle

Question 7

Flow of right coronary artery. What does the right coronary artery branch into?

Answer 7

Right coronary artery starts at root of ascending aorta → vessel then travels between the auricle & pulmonary trunk → descends on anterior surface of heart → wraps onto posterior surface of heart → descends onto posterior interventricular artery

Marginal artery

Question 8

Flow of right coronary artery. What does the right coronary artery result in?

Answer 8

Right coronary artery starts at root of ascending aorta → vessel then travels between the oracle & pulmonary trunk → descends on anterior surface of heart → wraps onto posterior surface of heart → descends onto posterior interventricular artery

Marginal artery

Question 9

Where does the great cardiac vein start on the heart? What’s its order of flow? Where does it collect blood from?

Answer 9

Anterior surface of heart

Ascends on anterior interventricular sulcus, then turns & starts running w/ circumflex coronary artery in the coronary sulcus

Collect blood from R & L ventricles

Question 10

What are structures within the right atrium?

Answer 10

Superior & inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis
Crista terminalis
Auricles
Musculi Pectinati

Question 11

Where does blood flow through to get to right atrium?

Answer 11

superior & inferior vena cava

Question 12

Function of coronary sinus

Answer 12

Prevents back flow of blood

Question 13

___ is the depression on interatrial septum

Answer 13

Fossa ovalis

Question 14

Crista terminalis location & function

Answer 14

Ridge on internal surface of heart in right atrium

Connects the junctions of superior & inferior vena cava

Question 15

___ accommodates blood the atrium’s receiving

Answer 15

Auricles

Question 16

___ helps the atria contract. It goes from the ___ to ___

Answer 16

Musculi pectinati

Muscular ridge to atrium

Question 17

Structures of the right ventricle

Answer 17

Tricuspid valve
Trabeculae carnae
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
moderator band
Pulmonary valve

Question 18

___ valve connects the right atrium to right ventricle. __ connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 18

Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve

Question 19

Function of papillary muscles

Answer 19

Keeps the tricuspid valve closed & prevents backflow

Question 20

Function of moderator band

Answer 20

Contains portion of conducting system of heart

Question 21

What makes up the left atrium

Answer 21

Mitral valve
Foramen ovale reminant
Auricle

Question 22

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

Answer 22

Lungs through right pulmonary veins

Question 23

Mitral valve is connected to ___ through ___

Answer 23

Papillary muscles through chordae tendineae

Question 24

What structures make of the left ventricle?

Answer 24

Trabeculae carnae
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
Aortic valve

Question 25

The aortic valve has how many cusps? Where do they direct blood to?

Answer 25

3
2 of them direct blood into R & L coronary arteries

Question 26

Where do coronary arteries originate from?

Answer 26

Base of flaps of aortic valve

Question 27

What is the flow of blood through the heart?

Answer 27

Superior & inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk → right & left pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → ascending aorta → body

Question 28

Blood gets oxygenated in the ___

Answer 28

lungs

Question 29

Describe blood flow in fetal circulation

Answer 29

• Oxygenated blood comes from umbilical vein from placenta
• Heart has shunts that delivers oxygenated blood from inferior vena cava into systemic circulation (Bypasses lungs)
  —- Valves help direct blood flow through oval foramen into left atrium → left ventricle → ascending aorta
• Pulmonary trunk from right ventricle doesn’t distribute blood to only the right & left lungs, it has a connection called ductus arteriosus to descending aorta

Question 30

Components of the conducting system of the heart

Answer 30

SA node
AV node
atrioventricular bundle
bundles of his

Question 31

___ is the pacemaker of the heart. What can take over it’s functions if it doesn’t work?

Answer 31

SA Node
AV node can take over

Question 32

Sympathetic & parasympathetic increase/decrease cardiac output

Answer 32

Sympathetic increases
Parasympathetic decreases

Question 33

The heart is in ___ when blood fills ventricles

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

When ventricles contract, ___ & ___ are closed & ___ are open

Answer 34

Tricuspid & mitral valves are closed
Semilunar valves are open

Question 35

Aortic valve is also called

Answer 35

Semilunar valve