Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

103 Theme 1 - Anatomy > Superior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Superior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum and where is it located?

A

Central compartment of the thorax Located between left and right pleural cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the mediastinum divide into the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the other names for T4/5?

A

The sternal angle Transverse Thoracic Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complete the diagram of the mediastinum

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 parts is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A
  1. Anterior mediastinum
  2. Middle mediastinum
  3. Posterior mediastinum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum?

Superior

Inferior

Anterior

Posterior

Lateral

A

Superior: superior thoracic aperture (manubrium, 1st rib and costal cartilage, T1 vertebra)

Inferior: transverse thoracic plane (sternal angle to vertebral level T4/T5)

Anterior: Manubrium

Posterior: T1-T4/5 vertebral bodies

Lateral: Mediastinal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?

Anteriorly

Posteriorly

Inferiorly

Superiorly

A

Anteriorly - Sternum

Posteriorly - Pericardial sac

Inferiorly - Diaphragm

Superiorly - Level T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 7 structures reside in the superior mediastinum?

A
  1. Arteries (arch of aorta and branches)
  2. Veins (brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava)
  3. Phrenic and Vagus nerves
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Trachea
  6. Thoracic duct
  7. Thymus gland (part)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

Immediately deep to the sternum in Superior AND Anterior Mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of organ is the thymus gland?

A

Lymphoid organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are T and B lymphocytes produced and matured?

A

T and B lymphocytes are produced in bone marrow. Bs mature in bone marrow, Ts mature in Thymus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which 3 nodes does lymph drain from at the thymus gland?

A

Parasternal nodes

Brachiocephalic nodes

Tracheobronchial nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what stage of life does the thymus gland atrophy and turn into fat?

A

Adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which artery supplies the thymus gland?

A

Internal thoracic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is 1,2, and 3?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is 1,2 and 3?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

Right common carotid & Right Subclavian arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ascending aorta?

A
  • Left coronary artery (LCA)
  • Right coronary artery (RCA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 branches of the descending aorta?

A
  • Posterior intercostal
  • Bronchial arteries
  • Lumbar arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complete the diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What percentage of people have normal branches of the aorta? (no anatomical variation)

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Label the diagram

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Left brachiocephalic vein
  3. Right brachiocephalic vein
  4. Internal jugular vein
  5. Subclavian vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is this structure?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the embryological version of ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Ductus ateriosus

26
Q

What is ductus arteriosus and how does it work?

A

An open duct connecting the pulmonary trunk and the arch of aorta.

Important in fetal circulation allowing blood to bypass the immature lungs.

27
Q

When does ductus arteriosus close?

A

At birth

28
Q

Where does the trachea run?

A

From larynx to bronchus

29
Q

What is the oesophagus made of?

A

Muscular tube

30
Q

Where does the oesophagus run from?

A

From pharynx to stomach

31
Q

What is this structure?

A

Thoracic duct

32
Q

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

A

Transports lymph to venous system

33
Q

Where does the thoracic duct recieve lymph from?

A
  • Receives multiple branches throughout thorax
  • Numerous lymph nodes associated with thoracic (descending) aorta
34
Q

Which 2 structures pass the thorugh the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Thoracic duct

Oesophagus

35
Q

Which nerves are these?

A

Left and right phrenic nerves

36
Q

Where do the phrenic nerves originate from?

A

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C3, C4, C5

37
Q
A
38
Q

Where do the phrenic nerves enter the superior mediastinum?

A

Between brachiocephalic veins and subclavian arteries

39
Q

Do the phrenic nerves pass anterior or posterior to the main bronchi?

A

Anterior

40
Q

Where does the phrenic nerves supply -

Motor supply

Sensory supply

A

Motor supply to diaphragm

Sensory supply to diaphragm (central region) and parietal pleura (diaphragmatic and mediastinal)

41
Q

Complete the diagram

A
42
Q

Do the vagus nerves pass anterior or posterior to the main bronchus?

A

Posterior

43
Q

What type of nerves are the vagus nerves and where do they originate from?

A

Cranial nerves so originate from brainstem

44
Q

Where do the vagus nerves enter the superior mediastinum?

A

Just medial to the phrenic nerve

45
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal branch supply?

A

Larynx

46
Q

What type of nervous supply does the vagus nerve provide?

A

Parasympathetic supply via pulmonary, cardiac and oesophageal plexi

47
Q

What 4 things does the anterior mediastinum contain?

A
  • Thymus gland in children which atrophies in the adult and is replaced by fatty tissue
  • Pericardial-sternal ligaments
  • Lymph nodes (parasternal) and vessels
  • Internal thoracic artery
48
Q

Complete the diagram of the developing heart (part 1)

A
49
Q

How does the heart develop?

A
  • Angiogenic clusters form in the mesoderm and these canalise to form early blood vessels.
  • Two large blood vessels known as the heart tubes form in the cardiogenic area
50
Q

At how many days in foetal development do the heart tubes grow and fuse?

A

21 days

51
Q

Complete the diagram of the developing heart (part 2)

A
52
Q

What 4 regions is a newly developed heart tube made up of in foetal heart development?

A
  • Sinus venosus
  • Primordial atrium
  • Primordial ventricle
  • Truncus arteriosus
53
Q

At how many days does the pericardial cavity become too long and need to fold in foetal heart development?

A

Day 23

54
Q

What does folding of the heart tube in foetal heart development result in?

A

Ventricles and outflow tracks positioned anteriorly

Atria and veins posteriorly

55
Q

What happens after the heart tube folding in foetal heart development?

A

Septa then grow to divide the heart into 4 chambers

56
Q

Which 2 structures in the foetal heart allow it to bypass the lungs?

A
  • Foramen Ovale
  • Ductus Arteriosus
57
Q

Why is a small amount of blood still needed at the lungs in a foetus?

A

For lung development

58
Q

What is foramen ovale?

A

Opening between the right and left atria in the foetus and allows oxygenated blood to by-pass lungs

59
Q

Complete the diagram on foramen ovale

A
60
Q

What is fossa ovalis?

A

The embryological remnant of the Foramen Ovale which closes after birth

61
Q

What does the diagram show?

A

Fossa Ovalis in the adult inter-atrial septum

62
Q

Complete the diagram

A

103 Theme 1 - Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions