Supergene/Hypogene hydrothermal Deposits Flashcards
Copper hand sample
Dense, quick tarnighing, copper color
Dense, quick tarnishing, copper color
Copper hand sample
Native sulfur hand sample.
yellow flakey rock
yellow flakey rock
Native sulfur hand sample.
Pyrite hand sample
metallic silvery yelow, geometric shapes, leaves a black streak
metallic silvery yelow, geometric shapes, leaves a black streak
Pyrite hand sample
Chalcopyrite hand sample
burnished yelow rock.
burnished yelow rock.
Chalcopyrite hand sample
Galena hand sample
cubic, dense, metallic silver collor.
cubic, dense, metallic silver collor.
Galena hand sample.
Sphalerite hand sample
smellly white streak
smelly white streak
spalertite hand sample
Covellite hand sample
black when tarnished, but clean surfaces reflect blue
black when tarnished, but clean surfaces reflect blue
Covellite hand sample
Chalcocite hand sample
black coley collor, like covelite but without the blue
black coley collor, like covelite but without the blue
Chalcocite hand sample
Geothite hand sample
rusty rock, redish brown streak
rusty rock, redish brown streak
Geothite hand sample
Hematite
Rusty red rock, brick red streak
Rusty red rock, brick red streak
Hematite
Azurite hand sample
pretty blue rock, friends with malachite
pretty blue rock, friends with malachite
Azurite hand sample
Malachite hand sample
pretty green rock, friends with azurite
pretty green rock, friends with azurite
Malachite hand sample
calcite hand sample
white, rhombihedral crystas and cleavage planes, fizzes
white, rhombihedral crystas and cleavage planes, fizzes
calcite hand sample
cerussite hand sample
translucent blue grey, dense
translucent blue grey, dense
cerussite hand sample
Rhodochrosite hand sample
pink, rombohedral, hardness of 4
pink, rhobmohedral, hardness of 4
Rhodochrosite hand sample
Kalonite hand sample
white flaky/chalky rock
white flaky/chalky rock
Kalonite hand sample
Gypsum hand sample
clear, soft eneough to scratch with a fingernail.
clear, soft eneough to scratch with a fingernail.
Gypsum hand sample
ingredients for the Hypogene recipie
ground water, heat, metal, conduit
Heat source for Hypogene
comes from the magma itself as it cools (Includin when it’s solid but still realy warm
comes from the magma itself as it cools (Includin when it’s solid but still realy warm
Heat source for Hypogene
groundwater in hypogene
falls down, then rises again as it is heated. carying away metals
falls down, then rises again as it is heated. carying away metals
groundwater in hypogene
metal source in hypogene
metals that can’t be incoprerated in the igneous rocks are extruded
metals that can’t be incoprerated in the igneous rocks are extruded
metal source in hypogene
conduit
cracks and spaces in the rock where fluid flows
cracks and spaces in the rock where fluid flows
conduit
gasses in hypogene
various gasses are released by the magma and transpoted in the water, they react with the metals in the water to produce sulfides.
Supergene enrichment process
Once the heat source cools off, water traveling downwards turns sulfides into oxides, and creates highly enriched sulfides at the water table
Once the heat source cools off, water traveling downwards turns sulfides into oxides, and creates highly enriched sulfides at the water table
Supergene enrichment process
host rock transformation
as the mineral rich water flows through the conduit, it may cause changes in nearby rocks
as the mineral rich water flows through the conduit, it may cause changes in nearby rocks
host rock transformation
decomposing sulfides
minerals turned from sulfides to oxides during supergene enrichment
minerals turned from sulfides to oxides during supergene enrichment
decomposing sulfides
enriched sulfides
sulfides deposited by the water table during supergene enrichment
sulfides deposited by the water table during supergene enrichment
enriched sulfides
sources of heterogenious nucleation
grains of pyrite during supergene enrichment
Sphalerite crystal structure
Repeated zinc tetrahedrons with sulfur on the corners
Repeated zinc tetrahedrons with sulfur on the corners
Sphalerite crystal structure
Galena crystal structure
alternating structure of sulfur and lead, always grows and breaks in cubes
alternating structure of sulfur and lead, always grows and breaks in cubes
Galena crystal structure
pyrite crystal structure
alternating iron and S2, the sulfur groups alternate direction by layer.
alternating iron and S2, the sulfur groups alternate direction by layer.
pyrite crystal structure
calcopyrite crystal structure
alternating copper and iron tetrahedra, with sulfur on the corners
alternating copper and iron tetrahedra, with sulfur on the corners
calcopyrite crystal structure
Markesite hand sample
Similar to pyrite, but has a platy or bladed crystal habbit
Similar to pyrite, but has a platy or bladed crystal habbit
Markesite hand sample
arsenopyrite hand sample
a more silvery version of pyrite, grows in mats of tiny crystals
a more silvery version of pyrite, grows in mats of tiny crystals
arsenopyrite hand sample
Molybdenite hand sample
looks like galena, but more of a blue sheen and much less dense and softer
looks like galena, but more of a blue sheen and much less dense and softer
Molybdenite hand sample
cinnabar hand sample
bright red, light, rock
bright red, light, rock
cinnabar hand sample
Orpiment and realgar hand sample
one is yellow and the other is red, always form together
one is yellow and the other is red, always form together
Orpiment and realgar hand sample
Stibnite hand sample
shiny metalic silver bladed crystals
shiny metalic silver bladed crystals
Stibnite hand sample
Cassiterite hand sample
dense dark black/brown and platy
dense dark black/brown and platy
Cassiterite hand sample
Barrite hand sample
Dense mineral, supposed to be white, but often has lots of red inclusions
Dense mineral, supposed to be white, but often has lots of red inclusions, may form a rose shape
Barrite hand sample
