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Head and Neck > Superficial Structures, orbit superficial features and EOMs > Flashcards

Superficial Structures, orbit superficial features and EOMs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oculi - orbital

A

squeezes eyelids

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2
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oculi- palpebral

A

closes eyelids

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3
Q

what is the action of the levator labii superioris

A

raises upper lip- smile muscle, helps form nasolabial furrow

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4
Q

what is the action of the zygomaticus major

A

draws corner of mouth upward and laterally (snarl)

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5
Q

what is the action of the buccinator

A

presses cheek against teeth (pulls away while eating and smile)

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6
Q

what is the action of the levator anguli oris

A

raises corner of mouth (smile), helps form the nasolabial furrow

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7
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oris

A

closes and protrudes lips

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8
Q

what is the action of the depressor anguli oris

A

draws corners of mouth down and laterally (frown)

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9
Q

what is the action of the depressor labii inferioris

A

draws lower lip down and laterally (frown)

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10
Q

what is the action of the mentalis

A

wrinkles skin chin and protrudes lower lip (frown)

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11
Q

where is the parotid gland

A

in the cheek area, anterior to the external auditory meatus (facial nerve goes through here)

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12
Q

where is the parotid duct fat pad

A

(a fat mass deep in the cheek) located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and superficial muscles

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13
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation (visceral efferent) of the parotid gland and what type of response occurs

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) synapse in the otic ganglion and postganglionic fibers are distributed to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)- stimulates a thin, watery saliva

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14
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation (visceral efferent) of the parotid gland and what type of response occurs

A

carried on the external carotid artery- may thicken or decrease saliva (vasomotor)

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15
Q

where is the superficial temporal artery

A

supplies the temple and much of the superior scalp (gives off the transverse facial artery)

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16
Q

where is the superficial temporal vein

A

drains the temple region and enters the substance of the parotid gland, where it receives venous blood from the transverse facial vein

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17
Q

where is the transverse facial artery

A

branches off the superficial temporal artery- supplies the superior part of the cheek region

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18
Q

where is the retromandibular vein

A

formed by the junction of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein in the substance of the parotid gland, receives venous blood from the occipital vein- splits into anterior and posterior division

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19
Q

where is the external jugular vein

A

formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein– draining into the suprascapular or subclavian vein

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20
Q

what are the branches of the facial artery

A

superior and inferior labial arteries and angular artery

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21
Q

what muscle of facial expression lies under the buccal fat pad

A

the buccinator muscle

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22
Q

what does the occipital artery anatstomose with

A

branches of the superficial temporal artery

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23
Q

what does the posterior auricular artery supply

A

a small part of the scalp posterior to the ear

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24
Q

what branches off the superficial temporal artery

A

transverse facial artery

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25
Q

what are the 3 superficial branches of the maxillary artery

A

infraorbital artery, buccal artery, and mental artery

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26
Q

what does the external carotid artery end as

A

the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery

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27
Q

where are the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries

A

above the eye/orbit suppling the forehead and anterior scalp

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28
Q

what do the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries originate from

A

the internal carotid artery –> ophthalmic artery

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29
Q

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

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30
Q

what are the 3 terminal branches of V1, V2, and V3

A

V1- supraorbital and suprtrochlear, V2-infraorbital, V3-mental nerve and auriculotemporal nerve

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31
Q

where does V1 of trigeminal nerve exit the skull

A

via the superior orbital fissure

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32
Q

where does V2 of trigmeninal nerve exit

A

via foremen rotundum

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33
Q

where does V3 of trigeminal nerve exit

A

via foramen ovale

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34
Q

what is the main sensory innervation of the face

A

Trigmeninal nerve (CN5)

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35
Q

where does the supraorbital branch of the ophthalmic division go

A

branch of the frontal nerve that exits the orbit onto the face via the supraorbital notch/foramen, carrying general afferents from the forehead, anterior part of scalp, upper eyelid, and frontal sinus

36
Q

where does the supratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic division go

A

exits the orbit onto the face, medial to the supraorbital branch, carrying general afferents from the middle part of the forehead, anterior part of scalp, and upper eyelid

37
Q

where does the infraorbital branch of the maxillary division go

A

its a terminal branch of the maxillary nerve that exits onto the face via the infraorbital foramen, splits into numerous cutaneous branches that carry general afferent from the skin of the upper lip, side of nose, cheek, and lower eyelid

38
Q

where does the mental nerve of the mandibular division go

A

a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve that emerges onto the chin from the end of the mandibular canal via the mental foramen, splits into the terminal cutaneous branches that carry general afferents from the skin of chin, mucosa of lower lip and inferior labial gingivae

39
Q

where does the auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular division go

A

passes posterior to the TMJ and superiorly through the parotid gland, passes anterior to the ear carrying afferents from the auricle and EAM, the temple and parotid gland

40
Q

name the 7 bones that make up the orbit

A

frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary, palatine, and zygomatic

41
Q

what is the common tendinous ring

A

the annulus of zinn: tendinous ring that surrounds the optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure at the apex of the orbit- gives rise to 4 of the recti muscles (not superior or inferior oblique)

42
Q

name the structure(s) that pass thru the common tendinous ring

A

cranial nerves 2, 3, 6, nasocilliary branch of V1 and ophthalmic artery

43
Q

what is the innervation of the orbit

A

oculomotor nerve (CN3), trochlear nerve (CN 4), and ophthalmic division of Trigeminal (CN5)

44
Q

what are the divisions of the oculomotor nerve

A

superior and inferior

45
Q

What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve

A

frontal (supraorbital and supratrochlear), lacrimal, nasociliary (long cilliary, anterior, and posterior ethmoidal nerves, infratrochlear, sensory root of ciliary ganglion)

46
Q

where does CN 7 (facial) exit the skull

A

through the internal acoustic meatus and travels through the facial canal in the petrous portion of temporal bone to leave through the stylomastoid foramen

47
Q

what does CN 7 give off after exiting the skull

A

gives off the posterior auricular nerve (to occipitalis, posterior auricular muscles) and the nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles

48
Q

after entering the parotid gland, what does CN 7 give off

A

divides into upper and lower trunks that participate in an anastomotic network: terminating into 5 main branches

49
Q

what forms the parotid plexus

A

CN 7 (facial)

50
Q

where does V1 go after it exits the cranial cavity through the superior orbital fissure

A

passes through the orbit (provides general afferents) and exits onto the forehead and dorsum of the nose

51
Q

where does V2 go after it exits through the foramen rotundum

A

passes through the pterygopalatine fossa (suspending the pterygopalatine ganglion) and exits the inferior orbital fissure and travels through the floor of the orbit

52
Q

where does V3 go after it exits via the foramen ovale

A

passes through the infratemporal fossa, splitting into many branches, the terminal branches exit onto the chin via the mental foramen (also cheek and temple)

53
Q

what are the 4 cutaneous nerves that branch from CN 5

A

supraorbital, infraorbital, buccal, and mental

54
Q

what is the main blood supply to the face

A

the facial artery

55
Q

what does the facial artery end as

A

the angular artery at the medial corner of the eye

56
Q

what does the occipital artery supply

A

most of the posterior part of the scalp

57
Q

what travels with the superficial temporal artery

A

the auriculotemporal nerve V3

58
Q

what does the superficial temporal artery supply

A

most of the superior part of the scalp

59
Q

what does the maxillary artery supply

A

the deep part of the face- several superficial branches

60
Q

what does the cavernous sinus drain

A

recieves blood from the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which drain the ares supplied by the branches of the ophthalmic artery

61
Q

what 3 structures pass through the parotid gland

A

parotid plexus of the facial nerve, external carotid artery and branches, and retromandibular vein and branches

62
Q

what is the general afferent innervation of the parotid gland

A

auriculotemporal nerve V3 and the great auricular nerve (C2-3) from the cervical plexus innervate the parotid sheath and gland

63
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A

S-skin, C-cutaneous tissue (dense), A-aponeurotic layer, L- loose connective tissue, P-periosteum of cranium (pericranium)

64
Q

where are the muscles of facial expression located in

A

the superficial fascia of the face

65
Q

what is the function of the frontalis

A

(epicranial aponeurosis) raises eyebrows, vertical forehead wrinkles

66
Q

what is the action of the procerus

A

wrinkles bridge of nose

67
Q

what is the corrugator supercilii

A

muscle that draws eyebrows medially and wrinkles eyebrows

68
Q

what is the nasalis: transverse and alar parts

A

muscles that compresses nasal aperture and flares nostrils

69
Q

what is the zygomaticus minor

A

muscle that draws upper lip upward

70
Q

what is the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

muscle that raises upper lip, flares nostrils

71
Q

what is the risorius

A

muscle that retracts corner of mouth

72
Q

what do the anterior and superior auricular muscles do

A

wriggles ears

73
Q

what is the platysma

A

muscle that tenses skin of lower face and neck

74
Q

what is the occipitalis

A

muscle that draws scalp backwards

75
Q

where does the compression usually occur in the facial nerve that results in bells palsy

A

near the stylomastoid foramen (swelling of the nerve in the facial canal of the temporal bone through viral infection)

76
Q

what supplies sensory innervation to the neck and posterior part of the scalp

A

cervical spinal nerves

77
Q

what is the external nasal nerve part of

A

branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary of ophthalmic division of Trigeminal)- carries general afferents from the dorsum of the nose

78
Q

what are the two buccal nerves

A

one is general efferent of facial nerve and the other is general afferent of trigeminal nerve

79
Q

what is the pterygoid venous plexus

A

plexus of deep veins in the infratemporal fossa that receives blood from superficial structures of face through tributaries of the maxillary vein (buccal, mental, and infraorbital veins) also gets blood from deep facial veins

80
Q

what forms the common facial vein

A

junction of facial vein and anterior division of retromandibular vein- drains directly into the internal jugular vein

81
Q

what are emissary veins

A

tiny venous channels that penetrate the cranial base (venous blood can travel between the pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus via these veins)

82
Q

where is the danger area of the face

A

a triangle with the apex at the glabella and the base across the upper lip

83
Q

what is the parotid sheath

A

a tough fascial capsule that limits the swelling of the parotid gland

84
Q

what 2 structures pierce the buccinator muscle

A

the parotid duct and the buccal nerve V3 - but doesn’t innervate the muscle

85
Q

what are sialoliths

A

calcified deposits that block the parotid gland, saliva builds up causing swelling of the parotid duct papilla (pain)

86
Q

what structure does the viral infection mumps affect

A

the parotid gland- spread through saliva

Head and Neck (10 decks)

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