Superficial Structures, orbit superficial features and EOMs Flashcards
what is the action of the orbicularis oculi - orbital
squeezes eyelids
what is the action of the orbicularis oculi- palpebral
closes eyelids
what is the action of the levator labii superioris
raises upper lip- smile muscle, helps form nasolabial furrow
what is the action of the zygomaticus major
draws corner of mouth upward and laterally (snarl)
what is the action of the buccinator
presses cheek against teeth (pulls away while eating and smile)
what is the action of the levator anguli oris
raises corner of mouth (smile), helps form the nasolabial furrow
what is the action of the orbicularis oris
closes and protrudes lips
what is the action of the depressor anguli oris
draws corners of mouth down and laterally (frown)
what is the action of the depressor labii inferioris
draws lower lip down and laterally (frown)
what is the action of the mentalis
wrinkles skin chin and protrudes lower lip (frown)
where is the parotid gland
in the cheek area, anterior to the external auditory meatus (facial nerve goes through here)
where is the parotid duct fat pad
(a fat mass deep in the cheek) located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and superficial muscles
what is the parasympathetic innervation (visceral efferent) of the parotid gland and what type of response occurs
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) synapse in the otic ganglion and postganglionic fibers are distributed to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)- stimulates a thin, watery saliva
what is the sympathetic innervation (visceral efferent) of the parotid gland and what type of response occurs
carried on the external carotid artery- may thicken or decrease saliva (vasomotor)
where is the superficial temporal artery
supplies the temple and much of the superior scalp (gives off the transverse facial artery)
where is the superficial temporal vein
drains the temple region and enters the substance of the parotid gland, where it receives venous blood from the transverse facial vein
where is the transverse facial artery
branches off the superficial temporal artery- supplies the superior part of the cheek region
where is the retromandibular vein
formed by the junction of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein in the substance of the parotid gland, receives venous blood from the occipital vein- splits into anterior and posterior division
where is the external jugular vein
formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein– draining into the suprascapular or subclavian vein
what are the branches of the facial artery
superior and inferior labial arteries and angular artery
what muscle of facial expression lies under the buccal fat pad
the buccinator muscle
what does the occipital artery anatstomose with
branches of the superficial temporal artery
what does the posterior auricular artery supply
a small part of the scalp posterior to the ear
what branches off the superficial temporal artery
transverse facial artery
what are the 3 superficial branches of the maxillary artery
infraorbital artery, buccal artery, and mental artery
what does the external carotid artery end as
the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery
where are the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries
above the eye/orbit suppling the forehead and anterior scalp
what do the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries originate from
the internal carotid artery –> ophthalmic artery
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical
what are the 3 terminal branches of V1, V2, and V3
V1- supraorbital and suprtrochlear, V2-infraorbital, V3-mental nerve and auriculotemporal nerve
where does V1 of trigeminal nerve exit the skull
via the superior orbital fissure
where does V2 of trigmeninal nerve exit
via foremen rotundum
where does V3 of trigeminal nerve exit
via foramen ovale
what is the main sensory innervation of the face
Trigmeninal nerve (CN5)
where does the supraorbital branch of the ophthalmic division go
branch of the frontal nerve that exits the orbit onto the face via the supraorbital notch/foramen, carrying general afferents from the forehead, anterior part of scalp, upper eyelid, and frontal sinus
where does the supratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic division go
exits the orbit onto the face, medial to the supraorbital branch, carrying general afferents from the middle part of the forehead, anterior part of scalp, and upper eyelid
where does the infraorbital branch of the maxillary division go
its a terminal branch of the maxillary nerve that exits onto the face via the infraorbital foramen, splits into numerous cutaneous branches that carry general afferent from the skin of the upper lip, side of nose, cheek, and lower eyelid
where does the mental nerve of the mandibular division go
a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve that emerges onto the chin from the end of the mandibular canal via the mental foramen, splits into the terminal cutaneous branches that carry general afferents from the skin of chin, mucosa of lower lip and inferior labial gingivae
where does the auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular division go
passes posterior to the TMJ and superiorly through the parotid gland, passes anterior to the ear carrying afferents from the auricle and EAM, the temple and parotid gland
name the 7 bones that make up the orbit
frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary, palatine, and zygomatic
what is the common tendinous ring
the annulus of zinn: tendinous ring that surrounds the optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure at the apex of the orbit- gives rise to 4 of the recti muscles (not superior or inferior oblique)
name the structure(s) that pass thru the common tendinous ring
cranial nerves 2, 3, 6, nasocilliary branch of V1 and ophthalmic artery
what is the innervation of the orbit
oculomotor nerve (CN3), trochlear nerve (CN 4), and ophthalmic division of Trigeminal (CN5)
what are the divisions of the oculomotor nerve
superior and inferior
What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve
frontal (supraorbital and supratrochlear), lacrimal, nasociliary (long cilliary, anterior, and posterior ethmoidal nerves, infratrochlear, sensory root of ciliary ganglion)
where does CN 7 (facial) exit the skull
through the internal acoustic meatus and travels through the facial canal in the petrous portion of temporal bone to leave through the stylomastoid foramen
what does CN 7 give off after exiting the skull
gives off the posterior auricular nerve (to occipitalis, posterior auricular muscles) and the nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles
after entering the parotid gland, what does CN 7 give off
divides into upper and lower trunks that participate in an anastomotic network: terminating into 5 main branches
what forms the parotid plexus
CN 7 (facial)
where does V1 go after it exits the cranial cavity through the superior orbital fissure
passes through the orbit (provides general afferents) and exits onto the forehead and dorsum of the nose
where does V2 go after it exits through the foramen rotundum
passes through the pterygopalatine fossa (suspending the pterygopalatine ganglion) and exits the inferior orbital fissure and travels through the floor of the orbit
where does V3 go after it exits via the foramen ovale
passes through the infratemporal fossa, splitting into many branches, the terminal branches exit onto the chin via the mental foramen (also cheek and temple)
what are the 4 cutaneous nerves that branch from CN 5
supraorbital, infraorbital, buccal, and mental
what is the main blood supply to the face
the facial artery
what does the facial artery end as
the angular artery at the medial corner of the eye
what does the occipital artery supply
most of the posterior part of the scalp
what travels with the superficial temporal artery
the auriculotemporal nerve V3
what does the superficial temporal artery supply
most of the superior part of the scalp
what does the maxillary artery supply
the deep part of the face- several superficial branches
what does the cavernous sinus drain
recieves blood from the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which drain the ares supplied by the branches of the ophthalmic artery
what 3 structures pass through the parotid gland
parotid plexus of the facial nerve, external carotid artery and branches, and retromandibular vein and branches
what is the general afferent innervation of the parotid gland
auriculotemporal nerve V3 and the great auricular nerve (C2-3) from the cervical plexus innervate the parotid sheath and gland
what are the layers of the scalp
S-skin, C-cutaneous tissue (dense), A-aponeurotic layer, L- loose connective tissue, P-periosteum of cranium (pericranium)
where are the muscles of facial expression located in
the superficial fascia of the face
what is the function of the frontalis
(epicranial aponeurosis) raises eyebrows, vertical forehead wrinkles
what is the action of the procerus
wrinkles bridge of nose
what is the corrugator supercilii
muscle that draws eyebrows medially and wrinkles eyebrows
what is the nasalis: transverse and alar parts
muscles that compresses nasal aperture and flares nostrils
what is the zygomaticus minor
muscle that draws upper lip upward
what is the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
muscle that raises upper lip, flares nostrils
what is the risorius
muscle that retracts corner of mouth
what do the anterior and superior auricular muscles do
wriggles ears
what is the platysma
muscle that tenses skin of lower face and neck
what is the occipitalis
muscle that draws scalp backwards
where does the compression usually occur in the facial nerve that results in bells palsy
near the stylomastoid foramen (swelling of the nerve in the facial canal of the temporal bone through viral infection)
what supplies sensory innervation to the neck and posterior part of the scalp
cervical spinal nerves
what is the external nasal nerve part of
branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary of ophthalmic division of Trigeminal)- carries general afferents from the dorsum of the nose
what are the two buccal nerves
one is general efferent of facial nerve and the other is general afferent of trigeminal nerve
what is the pterygoid venous plexus
plexus of deep veins in the infratemporal fossa that receives blood from superficial structures of face through tributaries of the maxillary vein (buccal, mental, and infraorbital veins) also gets blood from deep facial veins
what forms the common facial vein
junction of facial vein and anterior division of retromandibular vein- drains directly into the internal jugular vein
what are emissary veins
tiny venous channels that penetrate the cranial base (venous blood can travel between the pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus via these veins)
where is the danger area of the face
a triangle with the apex at the glabella and the base across the upper lip
what is the parotid sheath
a tough fascial capsule that limits the swelling of the parotid gland
what 2 structures pierce the buccinator muscle
the parotid duct and the buccal nerve V3 - but doesn’t innervate the muscle
what are sialoliths
calcified deposits that block the parotid gland, saliva builds up causing swelling of the parotid duct papilla (pain)
what structure does the viral infection mumps affect
the parotid gland- spread through saliva
