Skull Part 1 Flashcards
name the 8 paired bones of the skull
parietal, temporal, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic
name 6 unpaired bones of the skull
occipital, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, vomer, and mandible
where is the lingula of the mandible
on the medial/inside part of the ramus, marks the opening of the mandibular canal
where is the ramus of the mandible
the vertical (arm) portion that connects the condyles and the body
what structure(s) passes thru the mandibular canal
nerves and vessels through the ramus and body of the mandible (inferior alveolar nerve)
where is the sagittal suture
between the parietal bones (right and left)
where is the lambdoid suture
between the parietal and occipital bones
where is the parietomastoid suture
between parietal and mastoid part of the temporal bone
where is the occipitomastoid suture
between the occipital bone and the mastoid part of the temporal bone
where is the pterion
at the junction of the sphenoid, parietal, frontal, and temporal bones
what are the bones that make up the “pterion” fissure
sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal
where are the superior and inferior orbital fissures
between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
what 2 bones make up the zygomatic arch
the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
what does the ridge formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid separate
divides the anterior and middle fossa
what does the ridge formed by the petrous portion of the temporal bone separate
divides the posterior and middle cranial fossa
where are the anterior and posterior clinoid processes
projections from the body of the sphenoid bone
where is the sella turcica
on the body of the sphenoid bone “turkish saddle”
what is the anatomical significance of the sella turcica
the pituitary gland sits here
where are the medial and lateral pterygoid plates
they extend inferiorly on the sphenoid bone
where is the occipital condyle
inferior part of occipital bone, where it meets the atlas
where is the vomer
inferior/middle part of the nose, helps make up the nasal septum
where is the styloid process
its a small spike off the inferior part of the temporal bone
where is the pterygopalatine fossa
a cone shaped, paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull (close to the apex of the orbit)
where is the pterygomaxillary fissure
vertical, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid
what soft structure is associated with the cribriform plate
olfactory nerves pass through here
what soft structure is associated with the crista galli
attachment to the falx cerebri and the olfactory bulbs lie on either side
what soft structure is associated with the optic canal
the optic nerve passes through here
what soft structure(s) is associated with the superior orbital fissure
oculomotor (3), trochlear (4), trigeminal (5), abducens (6) and ophthalmic vein
what soft structure is associated with the foramen rotundum
maxillary nerve (V2 of trigeminal)
what soft structure(s) is associated with the foramen ovale
mandibular nerve (V3 of trigeminal) and lesser petrosal nerve
what soft structure is associated with the foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
what soft structure is associated with the foramen lacerum
filled with cartilage
what soft structure(s) is associated with the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
facial nerve (7), vestibulocochlear nerve (8), labyrinthine artery
what 5 soft structure(s) is associated with the jugular foramen
internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10), and spinal accessory (11)
what are the 6 soft structure(s) is associated with the foramen magnum
spinal cord, vertebral arteries, sympathetic plexuses, anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, roots of accessory nerve (11) and meninges
what soft structure(s) is associated with the supraorbital notch or foramen
supra-orbital nerve and vessels
what soft structure(s) is associated with the infraorbital foramen
infraorbital nerve and vessels
what soft structure is associated with the nasolacrimal canal
nasolacrimal duct
what soft structure(s) is associated with the mental foramen
mental nerve and vessels
what soft structure(s) is associated with the petrotympanic fissure
chorda tympanic branch
what soft structure is associated with the stylomastoid foramen
facial nerve (7)
where is the confluence of sinuses
at the internal occipital protuberance (connects the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus) from here blood drains into the right and left transverse sinus
where are the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
longitudinal sinuses, along the falx cerebri (allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of the anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses)
where are the right and left transverse sinuses
run laterally along the interior surface of the occipital bone (drain into the confluence of sinuses–> allowing blood to drain from the back of the head)
where is the sigmoid sinus
beneath the brain (allow blood to drain inferiorly from the posterior center of the head and drain into the internal jugular vein)
where is the superior petrosal sinus
it runs along the margin of the tentorium cerebelli and in the groove in the petrous part of the temporal bone (receives blood from cavernous sinus and passes backward and laterally to drain into the transverse sinus)
what 2 things go through the cavernous sinus
the internal carotid artery and cranial nerve 6
which 3 cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus wall
CN 3, 4, and 5
what is the viscerocranium
the facial skeleton or midface (splanchocranium)
what is the neurocranium
the top part of the skull or braincase
what two parts can the neurocranium be further divided into
the cranial vault (surrounds the brain) and the cranial base (where the brain sits)
what are the two major divisions of the skull
cranium and mandible
what is the piriform aperture
the common, external opening of the nasal cavities
where is the temporal fossa
bounded by the superior and inferior temporal lines, which are sites of muscle attachment
where is the infratemporal fossa
inferior to the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible
what is the fossa that the pituitary gland sits in
the hypophyseal fossa
how many paired paranasal sinuses are there (that are mucus membrane lined)
4 that surround the nasal cavities
how many bones are there in the skull
22 bones
how many paired synovial joints are there in the skull and what are they
3: temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the joints between the tiny bones of the middle ear: malleus-incus and incus-stapes joints
what bones and cartilage make up the nasal septum
ethmoid (perpendicular plate) and palatine bones, entire vomer and septal cartilage
what is housed in the petrous part of the temporal bone
the middle and internal parts of the ear, also for muscle attachment
what goes in the trigeminal depression of the petrous part of the temporal bone
the space is for the trigeminal nerve (V) sits
what goes in the groove and hiatus of the petrous part of the temporal bone
it is for the greater and lesser petrosal nerves
what is the notch in the mastoid process of the temporal bone for muscle attachment called
digastric notch
which fossa does the superior orbital fissure lead to
the middle cranial fossa
what goes through the pterygoid canals on the body of the sphenoid
passageway for nerves and vessels from the middle cranial fossa into the pterygopalatine fossa
what are the pterygoid processes for
muscle attachment
what is the hamulus
it is located on the medial plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone- a pully for the tensor veli palatini muscle (of soft palate)
what are the ethmoidal air cells of the superior and middle nasal conchae part of
the paranasal sinuses
where is the coronal suture
between the frontal and parietal bones
where is the parietosquamous suture
between the temporal bones and the squamous part of the parietal bones
where is the frontosphenoidal suture
between the frontal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
where is the zygomaticomaxillary suture
between the zygomatic bone and the maxilla
where is the zygomaticotemporal suture
between the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
where is the sphenosquamous suture
between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the squamous part of temporal bones
where is the cruciate suture
cross shaped suture on the hard palate that consists of the intermaxillary suture (between palatine processes of maxillary bones
what are the 3 sutures within the cruciate suture
intermaxillary suture, maxillary-palatine suture, and interpalatine suture
what is an interparietal bone
small isolated sutural bones, most often found between parietal bones
where is the asterion
where temporal, occipital, and parietal bones meet
where is the lambda
intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal suture
where is the inion
external occipital protuberance
where is the vertex
topmost part of skull (along the sagittal suture)
where is the nasion
intersection of frontonasal suture with internasal sutures (between nasal and frontal bones)
where is the glabella
forward most point above nasion (between eyebrows)
where is the bregma
intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures
where is the anterior nasal spine
anterior bony projection at the base of the piriform aperture
where are the superior and inferior nuchal lines
horizontal ridges marking the attachment of posterior neck muscles
where is the posterior nasal spine
posterior bony projection at the base of the choncae
where is the basion
midpoint on anterior margin of foramen magnum
where is the opisthion
midpoint on posterior margin of foramen magnum
where is the pharyngeal tubercle
lower surface of basilar part of occipital bone (anterior to foramen magnum) attachment for muscles
what is the clivus
slope formed by the body of the sphenoid and occipital bones leading to the anterior margin of foramen magnum
what is the frontal crest
beginning of the superior sagittal venous sinus
