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Head and Neck > Skull Part 1 > Flashcards

Skull Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

name the 8 paired bones of the skull

A

parietal, temporal, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic

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2
Q

name 6 unpaired bones of the skull

A

occipital, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, vomer, and mandible

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3
Q

where is the lingula of the mandible

A

on the medial/inside part of the ramus, marks the opening of the mandibular canal

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4
Q

where is the ramus of the mandible

A

the vertical (arm) portion that connects the condyles and the body

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5
Q

what structure(s) passes thru the mandibular canal

A

nerves and vessels through the ramus and body of the mandible (inferior alveolar nerve)

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6
Q

where is the sagittal suture

A

between the parietal bones (right and left)

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7
Q

where is the lambdoid suture

A

between the parietal and occipital bones

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8
Q

where is the parietomastoid suture

A

between parietal and mastoid part of the temporal bone

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9
Q

where is the occipitomastoid suture

A

between the occipital bone and the mastoid part of the temporal bone

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10
Q

where is the pterion

A

at the junction of the sphenoid, parietal, frontal, and temporal bones

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11
Q

what are the bones that make up the “pterion” fissure

A

sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal

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12
Q

where are the superior and inferior orbital fissures

A

between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

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13
Q

what 2 bones make up the zygomatic arch

A

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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14
Q

what does the ridge formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid separate

A

divides the anterior and middle fossa

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15
Q

what does the ridge formed by the petrous portion of the temporal bone separate

A

divides the posterior and middle cranial fossa

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16
Q

where are the anterior and posterior clinoid processes

A

projections from the body of the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

where is the sella turcica

A

on the body of the sphenoid bone “turkish saddle”

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18
Q

what is the anatomical significance of the sella turcica

A

the pituitary gland sits here

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19
Q

where are the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

A

they extend inferiorly on the sphenoid bone

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20
Q

where is the occipital condyle

A

inferior part of occipital bone, where it meets the atlas

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21
Q

where is the vomer

A

inferior/middle part of the nose, helps make up the nasal septum

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22
Q

where is the styloid process

A

its a small spike off the inferior part of the temporal bone

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23
Q

where is the pterygopalatine fossa

A

a cone shaped, paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull (close to the apex of the orbit)

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24
Q

where is the pterygomaxillary fissure

A

vertical, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid

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25
Q

what soft structure is associated with the cribriform plate

A

olfactory nerves pass through here

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26
Q

what soft structure is associated with the crista galli

A

attachment to the falx cerebri and the olfactory bulbs lie on either side

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27
Q

what soft structure is associated with the optic canal

A

the optic nerve passes through here

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28
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor (3), trochlear (4), trigeminal (5), abducens (6) and ophthalmic vein

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29
Q

what soft structure is associated with the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve (V2 of trigeminal)

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30
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the foramen ovale

A

mandibular nerve (V3 of trigeminal) and lesser petrosal nerve

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31
Q

what soft structure is associated with the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

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32
Q

what soft structure is associated with the foramen lacerum

A

filled with cartilage

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33
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

A

facial nerve (7), vestibulocochlear nerve (8), labyrinthine artery

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34
Q

what 5 soft structure(s) is associated with the jugular foramen

A

internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10), and spinal accessory (11)

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35
Q

what are the 6 soft structure(s) is associated with the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord, vertebral arteries, sympathetic plexuses, anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, roots of accessory nerve (11) and meninges

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36
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the supraorbital notch or foramen

A

supra-orbital nerve and vessels

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37
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the infraorbital foramen

A

infraorbital nerve and vessels

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38
Q

what soft structure is associated with the nasolacrimal canal

A

nasolacrimal duct

39
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the mental foramen

A

mental nerve and vessels

40
Q

what soft structure(s) is associated with the petrotympanic fissure

A

chorda tympanic branch

41
Q

what soft structure is associated with the stylomastoid foramen

A

facial nerve (7)

42
Q

where is the confluence of sinuses

A

at the internal occipital protuberance (connects the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus) from here blood drains into the right and left transverse sinus

43
Q

where are the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

A

longitudinal sinuses, along the falx cerebri (allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of the anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses)

44
Q

where are the right and left transverse sinuses

A

run laterally along the interior surface of the occipital bone (drain into the confluence of sinuses–> allowing blood to drain from the back of the head)

45
Q

where is the sigmoid sinus

A

beneath the brain (allow blood to drain inferiorly from the posterior center of the head and drain into the internal jugular vein)

46
Q

where is the superior petrosal sinus

A

it runs along the margin of the tentorium cerebelli and in the groove in the petrous part of the temporal bone (receives blood from cavernous sinus and passes backward and laterally to drain into the transverse sinus)

47
Q

what 2 things go through the cavernous sinus

A

the internal carotid artery and cranial nerve 6

48
Q

which 3 cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus wall

A

CN 3, 4, and 5

49
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

the facial skeleton or midface (splanchocranium)

50
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

the top part of the skull or braincase

51
Q

what two parts can the neurocranium be further divided into

A

the cranial vault (surrounds the brain) and the cranial base (where the brain sits)

52
Q

what are the two major divisions of the skull

A

cranium and mandible

53
Q

what is the piriform aperture

A

the common, external opening of the nasal cavities

54
Q

where is the temporal fossa

A

bounded by the superior and inferior temporal lines, which are sites of muscle attachment

55
Q

where is the infratemporal fossa

A

inferior to the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible

56
Q

what is the fossa that the pituitary gland sits in

A

the hypophyseal fossa

57
Q

how many paired paranasal sinuses are there (that are mucus membrane lined)

A

4 that surround the nasal cavities

58
Q

how many bones are there in the skull

A

22 bones

59
Q

how many paired synovial joints are there in the skull and what are they

A

3: temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the joints between the tiny bones of the middle ear: malleus-incus and incus-stapes joints

60
Q

what bones and cartilage make up the nasal septum

A

ethmoid (perpendicular plate) and palatine bones, entire vomer and septal cartilage

61
Q

what is housed in the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

the middle and internal parts of the ear, also for muscle attachment

62
Q

what goes in the trigeminal depression of the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

the space is for the trigeminal nerve (V) sits

63
Q

what goes in the groove and hiatus of the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

it is for the greater and lesser petrosal nerves

64
Q

what is the notch in the mastoid process of the temporal bone for muscle attachment called

A

digastric notch

65
Q

which fossa does the superior orbital fissure lead to

A

the middle cranial fossa

66
Q

what goes through the pterygoid canals on the body of the sphenoid

A

passageway for nerves and vessels from the middle cranial fossa into the pterygopalatine fossa

67
Q

what are the pterygoid processes for

A

muscle attachment

68
Q

what is the hamulus

A

it is located on the medial plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone- a pully for the tensor veli palatini muscle (of soft palate)

69
Q

what are the ethmoidal air cells of the superior and middle nasal conchae part of

A

the paranasal sinuses

70
Q

where is the coronal suture

A

between the frontal and parietal bones

71
Q

where is the parietosquamous suture

A

between the temporal bones and the squamous part of the parietal bones

72
Q

where is the frontosphenoidal suture

A

between the frontal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

73
Q

where is the zygomaticomaxillary suture

A

between the zygomatic bone and the maxilla

74
Q

where is the zygomaticotemporal suture

A

between the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

75
Q

where is the sphenosquamous suture

A

between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the squamous part of temporal bones

76
Q

where is the cruciate suture

A

cross shaped suture on the hard palate that consists of the intermaxillary suture (between palatine processes of maxillary bones

77
Q

what are the 3 sutures within the cruciate suture

A

intermaxillary suture, maxillary-palatine suture, and interpalatine suture

78
Q

what is an interparietal bone

A

small isolated sutural bones, most often found between parietal bones

79
Q

where is the asterion

A

where temporal, occipital, and parietal bones meet

80
Q

where is the lambda

A

intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal suture

81
Q

where is the inion

A

external occipital protuberance

82
Q

where is the vertex

A

topmost part of skull (along the sagittal suture)

83
Q

where is the nasion

A

intersection of frontonasal suture with internasal sutures (between nasal and frontal bones)

84
Q

where is the glabella

A

forward most point above nasion (between eyebrows)

85
Q

where is the bregma

A

intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures

86
Q

where is the anterior nasal spine

A

anterior bony projection at the base of the piriform aperture

87
Q

where are the superior and inferior nuchal lines

A

horizontal ridges marking the attachment of posterior neck muscles

88
Q

where is the posterior nasal spine

A

posterior bony projection at the base of the choncae

89
Q

where is the basion

A

midpoint on anterior margin of foramen magnum

90
Q

where is the opisthion

A

midpoint on posterior margin of foramen magnum

91
Q

where is the pharyngeal tubercle

A

lower surface of basilar part of occipital bone (anterior to foramen magnum) attachment for muscles

92
Q

what is the clivus

A

slope formed by the body of the sphenoid and occipital bones leading to the anterior margin of foramen magnum

93
Q

what is the frontal crest

A

beginning of the superior sagittal venous sinus

Head and Neck (10 decks)

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