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K-Anatomy Block 5 > Superficial Face and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Superficial Face and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of the face derive from?

A

The 2nd pharyngeal arch. Associated with Facial Nerve

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2
Q

What is the bony protrusion that forms the eyebrow called?

A

Supercilliary notch of the frontal bone

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3
Q

What is the depression between the two supercilliary notches called?

A

Glabella

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4
Q

What is the inferior end of the maxilla, that holds the teeth called?

A

alveolar process

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5
Q

What is the small foramen lateral to the piriform aperture and inferior to the orbits on the maxilla called?

A

infraorbital foramen

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6
Q

Why is blunt trauma to the pterion so severe?

A

It can rupture the middle meningeal artery and cause death/brain damage

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7
Q

What type of nerve fibers innervate the facial muscles and what nerve do they run in?

A

BE fibers in the facial nerve since they are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

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8
Q

What provides cutaneous sensory innervation to face? What type of fibers are these?

A 
Terminal branches of the three division of the trigeminal nerve. GSA
Supraorbital nerve (opthalmic), infraorbital (maxillary), mental (mandibular)
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9
Q

What are the actions of the epicranius muscle (occipitofrontalis)?

A

These muscles of the scalp wrinkle the forehead

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10
Q

What does orbicularis oculi do in general?

A

close the eyelid

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11
Q

What does the orbital part of orbicularis oculi do?

A

tightly contracts the skin around the eye

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12
Q

What does the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi do?

A

palpebral reflex

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13
Q

What does the lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi do?

A

acts on the lacrimal sac

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14
Q

What does orbicularis oris do?

A

closes the mouth

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15
Q

What does the buccinator do?

A

muscle of the cheek important in eating/drinking/playing trumpet/etc

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16
Q

What muscles are necessary for smiling?

A

zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, and risorius

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17
Q

What does levator labii superioris do?

A

elevates the upper lip

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18
Q

What does levaor labii superioris alaeque nasi do?

A

elevates upper lip, flares nasal alar cartilages

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19
Q

What does levator anguli oris do?

A

pulls corner of mouth upward

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20
Q

What does depressor labii inferioris do?

A

pulls lower lip down

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21
Q

What does depressor anguli oris do?

A

pulls angle of mouth down

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22
Q

What does mentalis do?

A

pulls skin of chin upward

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23
Q

What does the platysma do?

A

elevates skin of thorax and neck

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24
Q

How does CN VII exit the skull?

A

through the stylomastoid foramen, then passes through the parotid gland

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25
Q

What forms the posterior boundary of the parotid bed?

A

the ear and SCM

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26
Q

What forms the anterior border of the parotid bed?

A

Masseter muscle

27
Q

What forms the superior border of the parotid bed?

A

Zygomatic Arch

28
Q

At what level in the oral cavity does the parotid duct drain into?

A

Upper second molar

29
Q

What are the three main neurovascular structures that enter the parotid gland and divide?

A

CN VII, retromandibular vein, upper part of external carotid artery

30
Q

Does the facial nerve split into its upper and lower trunks in the parotid gland superficial or deep to the external carotid artery? To the Retromandibular vein?

A

CN VII travels superficial to both the vein and artery. (p 863 grays)

31
Q

List the terminal branches of CN VII from most superior to most inferior:

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical branches

32
Q

Why is it extremely difficult to remove the parotid gland in surgery?

A

The facial nerve begins branching inside the gland and they must be preserved throughout the removal. Sialiths here can also cause nerve damage

33
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the parotid gland and capsule?

A

C2-C3 cervical plexus AND Auriculotemproral nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3).

34
Q

Review: Where does the parent branch of the auriculotemporal nerve exit the skull?

A

Parent branch of the auriculotemproal nerve is CN V3 (the mandibular nerve). This exits through the foramen ovale of the skull.

35
Q

What nerve is associated with the first pharyngeal arch in development?

A

CN V (trigeminal)

36
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the face?

A

The three branches of CN V (1,2,and 3: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

37
Q

What passes through the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina?

A 
Supraorbital nerve (a branch of the opthalmic CN V1)
Infraorbital nerve (a branch of maxilary CN V2)
Mental nerve (a branch of mandibular CN V3)
38
Q

What muscle allows you to gently blink?

A

palpebral part of orbicularis occuli

39
Q

Is zygomaticus major medial or lateral to zygomaticus minor?

A

lateral

40
Q

Where does buccinator muscle originate? What muscle will share its origin?

A

pterygomandibular raphe.

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

41
Q

What covers and protects the parotid gland/region? What is it a continuation of?

A

parotid fascia or capsule. It is a superior continuation of the cervical or deep investing fascia of neck

42
Q

Where do zygomaticus major and minor originate? Where to they insert?

A

origin: Zygomatic bone
insert: skin at corner of mouth

43
Q

What innervates masseter?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3) muscle of mastication

44
Q

Does parotid duct cross the masseter superficially or deep?

A

superficially

45
Q

What muscle does the parotid gland penetrate to reach the oral cavity?

A

buccinator muscle

46
Q

What two muscles does the facial nerve innervate BEFORE it reaches parotid gland to divide into upper and lower trunks?

A

stylohyoid and posterior digastric (neither are muscles of facial expression)

47
Q

What three muscles are associated with the styloid process?

A

Stylohyoid, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus

48
Q

How could an infection spread from the jaw to the mediastinum?

A

through the lateral pharyngeal space to the retropharyngeal space then down to the mediastinum

49
Q

Rank from most superficial to deep: retromandibular vein, parotid gland, external carotid artery, CN VII

A

parotid gland, CN VII, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery

50
Q

What provides motor innervation to the parotid gland? What ganglion do the fibers come from?

A

GVE parasympathetics from CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve).

Otic ganglion. (p937 grays for great diagram)

51
Q

What innervates the skin around the ear and the superior tip of the parotid gland?

A

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3)

52
Q

What artery supplies blood to the anterior face?

A

Facial artery

53
Q

Does the facial artery travel deep or superficial to zygomaticus major?

A

deep

54
Q

What structure does posterior auricular artery seem to follow?

A

stylohyoid muscle.

55
Q

The area around the eyebrows receives blood from an artery besides the superficial temporal. What is it?

A

Opthalmic artery (A branch of the ICA) passes through the orbit and supplies that area as well, forming heavy anastomoses with the superficial temporal and ECA system

56
Q

What major vessel does venous drainage from the anterior face dump into? Lateral face and temple?

A

Facial vein will cover front of face and merge into the internal jugular vein.
The superficial temporal vein will drain the temple and lateral face and merge with the retromandibular vein, which then dumps into the external jugular vein

57
Q

What two tributaries make up retromandibular vein?

A

maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein

58
Q

What merges with the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein?

A

posterior auricular vein

59
Q

Where is the buccal fat pad found?

A

anterior margin of masseter, superficial to the buccinator. It often has parotid duct and buccal branches of CN VII crossing it

60
Q

Where is lymph of the face likely to drain to?

A

Deep cervical nodes that encircle the neck

61
Q

What is the most common cause of facial nerve paralysis?

A

Bell’s palsy. The cause of the condition is not well known but it is thought to follow exposure to cold temperatures and possibly viral infections in the face.

62
Q

Where is the buccal fat pad found?

A

anterior margin of masseter, right under the cheek bone

63
Q

Where is lymph of the face likely to drain to?

A

Deep cervical nodes that encircle the neck

64
Q

What is the most common cause of facial nerve paralysis?

A

Bell’s palsy. The cause of the condition is not well known but it is thought to follow exposure to cold temperatures and possibly viral infections in the face.

K-Anatomy Block 5 (9 decks)

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