Superficial Face Flashcards
What nerve is repsonsible for motor muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
What somatosensory nerve is responsible for superficial face, forehead, and oral cavity?
-trigeminal nerve
What somatosensory nerve is repsonsible for feeling in the skin of the outer ear, nasopharynx, and taste?
Facial nerve
What nerves provide sensory sensations to the superficial face and scalp?
- greater occipital nerve (C2)
- lesser occipital nerve (C2)
- greater auric ulnar nerve (C2-C3)
- trigeminal nerve V
- facial nerve VII
What does the greater occipital nerve innervate?
- emerges from below suboccipital triangle
- innervates scalp on back of head
- dorsal rami C2
What does the lesser occipital innervate?
- ventral rami of C2
- innervates scalp of lateral area of head, posterior to ear
What does their greater auric ulnar innervate?
- ventral rami of C2 and dorsal of C3
- innervates skin over parotid gland and mastoid process along with both surfaces of outer ear
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?
- opthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
What does the trigeminal innervate?
-innervates skin ion all of face, forehead, temporal region, oral cavity, skin of outer ear, and external auditory meatus
What does the facial innervate?
-innervates only skin of outer ear
What does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit?
-superior orbital fissure
What are the major branches of the opthalmic nerve? What do they do?
-frontal n -> supraorbital n
+passes through supraorbital foramen
+skin of lateral forehead/anterior scalp
-> supra trochlear n: skin of medial forehead
-lacrimal n: innervates lacrimal gland
- nasociliary n
- > infratrochlear n: skin lateral to root of nose
- > external nasal n: skin of nasal ala, vestibule adn dorsomedial of nose
What does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve exit?
-foramen rotundum
What are the major branches of the maxillary n and what do they do?
-infraoribital: passes through infraoribital foramen, maxillary sinus, skin of cheek, lateral nose, superior lip
- zygomatic n
- > zygomaticofacial: skin on prominence of cheek
- > zygomaticotemporal: anterior part of temporal fossa
What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal n exit?
-exit skull through foramen ovale
What are the branches of the mandibular n? What do they do?
- auriculotemporal: skin posterior 2/3 temporal region
- buccal: skin adn oral mucosa of cheek and gums
- mental: passes through mental foramen, skin of chin and inferior lip
What are the muscles of mastication? Wh are they innervated by?
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
-innervated by mandibular branch
What is the most expressive part of the face?
-the mouth -> muscles are diverse
What do the branches of the facial nerve exit the skull through?
-stylomastoid foramen
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
- posterior auricular n
- temporal branch
- zygomatic branch
- buccal branch
- mandibular branch
- cervical branch
“The zebra bit my cheek”
What are the other functions of the facial nerve?
SVA: sense of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
GVE: parasympathetics (lacrimal gland, submandibular/sublingual salivary glands, and mucus membranes of nasal cavity)
GVA: sensory innervation to nasopharynx
What provides arterial supply to the face and scalp?
- external carotid a and branches
- facial a
- occipital a
- posterior auricular a
- maxillary a
- superficial temporal a
What does the facial artery supply? What are its branches?
-major arterial supply to the face, supplies most of muscles of facial expression
-branches: \+inferior labial \+superior labial \+lateral nasal \+angular
What does he occipital a supply?
-scalp of the back of the head
What does the posterior auricular a supply?
-auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle
What does the maxillary a supply?
Most branches run deep
-mental artery is only superficial branch (runs with mental n to chin)
What does the superficial temporal a supply?
-facial muscles ad skin in temporal region
What supplies muscles and skin of forehead and anterior scalp?
- supraorbital a
- supratrochlear a
What is the parotid gland? Where is it located? Innervation?
- largest salivary gland -> duct delivers saliva to oral cavity just lateral to 2nd upper molar teeth
- located laterally in the face, just anterior to the ear
- receives sensory innervation from great auricular nerve
- parasympathetic innervation from glossopharyngeal n via post auricular
What supples the orbit and eyeball?
-mainly via the opthalamic a from internal carotid a
What drains the orbit and eyeball?
-venous drainage via the superior and inferior opthalamic veins
What composed the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
- sclera: opaque outer covering
- cornea: transparent part of sclera
What composes the vascular layer of the eyeball?
- Choroid: between sclera and retina, very vascular
- ciliary body: muscular, controls thickness of lens, secretes aqueous humor
- iris
What is in the inner layer of the eyeball?
-retina
Where is the anterior chamber?
-between cornea adn iris/pupil
Where is the posterior chamber?
-between iris/pupil and lens
What provides the general somatic efferents to the extrinsic eye muscles?
- oculomotor n
- trochlear n
- abducens n
What provides parasympathetics to extrinsic eye muscles and to what muscles?
- oculomotor -> pupillary sphincter m and ciliary m
- facial n -> lacrimal gland via greater petrosal n
What provides sensory?
CN V1
What provides vision?
-optic n/CN 1
What innervates extrinsic eye muscles?
- trochlear n -> superior oblique
- abducens n -> lateral rectus
- oculomotor n -> medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae
What is the iris capable of? What controls this?
- pigmented and capable of constricting to control how much light enters the pupil
- dilator pupillae: dilates, under sympathetic control
- sphincter pupillae: constricts, under parasympathetic control
What controls accommodation?
-suspensory ligaments from ciliary body go to lens to control focus
+relaxed -> tension on suspensory ligaments -> lens stretched out for FAR vision
+contracts _? Suspensory ligaments relaxed -> lens beocomes fatter for NEAR vision
- to view near objects, parasympathetics are activated to contract ciliary muscle
- to view far objects, parasympathetics are removed, allowing the ciliary to relax -> NO sympathetics
What nerve is responsible for the motor muscles of mastication???
Trigeminal nerve
