Female And Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
What is the vagina supported by?
- pubovaginalis part of the levator ani muscle
- perineal membrane
Where is the vagina?
- between the bladder and rectum
- superior part of the valine surrounds the cervix of the uterus
- anterior fornix of cervix
- posterior fornix of the cervix
What is culdoscopy? Culdocentesis?
Culdoscopy: to examine the uterine tubes or ovaries
Culdocentesis: to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch
Relationship between uterine artery and ureter.
-ureter passes inferior to the uterine artery along the lateral sides of the uterus
What are the arteries that supply the female reproductive structures?
- ovarian a
- uterine a
- vaginal a
How do the uterine arteries travel?
- enter the sides of the uterus through the broad ligament
- branches ascend and descend to anastomose with the vaginal arteries and the ovarian arteries
Lymphatics of superior, middle, and inferior of the female reproductive tract.
Superior: internal and external iliac nodes
Middle: internal iliac nodes
Inferior: sacral and common iliac nodes
What are some structures of the uterus?
- fundus
- uterine horns
- lateral fornices
- body of the uterus
- cervix of the uterus (with cervical canal)
What are the three layers of the uterus?
- endometrium
- myometrium
- perimetrium
What are the different areas of the Fallopian tubes?
Closest to peritoneum:
- isthmus
- ampulla
- infudibulum
- fimbriae
- ovary
How is the uterus positioned?
- fundus of the uterus is normally anteverted and anteflexed
- the axis of the uterus is angled anteriorly and the top of the fundus flexes anteriorly over the bladder
What contributes to a prolapse of the uterus?
-if the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus inferiorly
What is the broad ligament?
-a double layer of peritoneum that drapes over the uterus and associated structures
What are the uterine ligaments?
- round ligament
- suspensory ligament
- mesometrium
- ovarian ligament
- mesovarium
- mesosalpinx
What does the broad ligament enclose?
-round ligament to the deep inguinal ring
What are transverse cervical ligaments?
- condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus
- attach to the lateral sides of the uterus and vagina
- uterine vessels and nerves run through them
What are the utero sacral ligaments?
-also condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum
What are some other uterine ligaments?
- transverse cervical ligaments
- sacrouterine ligaments
Ligaments and what else help support the uterus and prevent prolapse of the uterus?
-levator ani muscle
Describe the ovaries.
- located near the attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic wall
- suspended from their lateral pelvic wall by the suspensory ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics
Describe the spinal block.
- anesthetic agent is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4
- produces complete anesthesia below the waist. Uterine contractions cannot be felt
How do peripheral nerve blocks work?
-allows sensation of uterine contractions
-pudental block:
+blocks S2-4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the vagina
+sacrospinous ligament is the landmark
- an ilioinguinal block must also be performed to abolish sensation in the anterior vulva
- the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (perineal branches) may also need to be anesthetized
What is the superficial and deep fascia of the penis?
Deep -> Bucks
Superficial -> Dartos
What are the bulbourethral glands?
- superior to perineal membrane, embedded within sphincter urethra
- open into spongy urethra
- mucus-like secretions lubricate the urethra
Describe the vagina.
- muscular tube located between the bladder and the rectum and inferior to the uterus
- about 8cm long
- opens through the perineal membrane into the vestibule
