Superficial Back + Trapezius

Question 1

What composes the superficial back?

Answer 1

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis (fascia)
Extrinsic back muscles: trap, lat, levator scap., rhomboids

Question 2

Name the 2 intermediate back muscles (hypaxial/epaxial?)

Answer 2

Hypaxial
Serratus posterior Sup. + Inf.

Question 3

Name the deep/intrinsic back muscle groups (hypaxial/epaxial?)

Answer 3

Epaxial
Errector spinae group, transversospinalis group, others

Question 4

Serratus posterior superior is deep to

Answer 4

Rhomboids

Question 5

Serratus posterior inferior is deep to

Answer 5

Latissimus dorsi

Question 6

Define Aponeurosis
What does it take place of?

Answer 6

Flat sheet/ribbon of tendon-like tissue anchors a muscle
Tendon/bone in sheet-like muscles having a wide attachment area

Question 7

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis in the:
Thoracic region -
Lumbar region -

Answer 7

Thoracic = Thin, transparent fascia
Lumbar = thick, strong fibrous CT (contains fibroblasts); Lumbar = blends laterally w/ aponeurosis of transversus abdominus

Question 8

The Anterior layer of Thoracolumbar Aponeurosis combines w/ transversus abdominus aponeurosis, ends medially at ___ of ___.
What muscle is it anterior to?

Answer 8

TPs of LVs
Ant. To quadratus lumborum

Question 9

The middle layer of Thoracolumbar aponeurosis is post. To _____, attaches to __, and ant. To ____ back muscles

Answer 9

Quadratus lumborum, TP, intrinsic back

Question 10

The Posterior layer of Thoracolumbar Aponeurosis covers ____ group, and blends laterally w/ aponeurosis of ___.

Answer 10

Erector spinae
Transversus abdominus muscle

Question 11

What is the principle actions of the superficial back muscles

Answer 11

Motions of upper limb

Question 12

Superficial back muscles are developmentally (hypaxial/epaxial); innervated by ___ rami, and migrating during development to back to gain attachment to ___.

Answer 12

Hypaxial, ventral rami, vertebrae

Question 13

Name the 5 superficial muscles of the back

Answer 13

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboideus major, rhomboideus minor

Question 14

Trapezius is superficial to _____ muscles of the neck

Answer 14

Splenius

Question 15

What are the 4 origin sites of the traps?

Answer 15

EOP
Medial 1/3 sup. Nuchal line
Ligamentum nuchae
SPs of C7-T12

Question 16

Where do the traps insert based on their fibers?
Superior fibers
Middle fibers
Inferior fibers

Answer 16

Sup. Fibers: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Middle fibers: acromion + spine of scapula
Inf. Fibers: ROSOS

Question 17

What are the 2 innervations of the traps, and what do they form on the deep surface of the traps?

Answer 17

CN XI Accessory + Ventral rami of 3rd + 4th cervical nerves = Subtrapezial plexus

Question 18

CN XI Accessory’s spinal root exits via ___ foramen, pierces ___ muscle, continues to traps for ___ innervation

Answer 18

Jugular, sternocleidomastoid, motor

Question 19

C3 + C4 ___ rami fibers = ___ of the traps

Answer 19

Ventral
Proprioception

Question 20

What is the blood supply to the traps?

Answer 20

Superficial branch of transverse cervical A.

Question 21

What are the actions of the traps on:
Scapula
Head + neck:
- bilat. Contract. Sup. Fibers
- unilat. Contract. Sup. Fibers

Answer 21

Raises, rotates, retracts scapula
Bilat. Contract. Sup. Fibers = extends head
Unilat. Contract. Sup. Fibers = laterally flex head + CV

Question 22

Sup. Fibers of the traps:
___ scapula
W/ serratus ant. + levator scap. Form force couple to ___ scapula upwards

Answer 22

Elevate
Rotate

Question 23

Middle fibers of the traps ___ scapula

Answer 23

Retract

Question 24

Inferior fibers of the traps ___ scapula, ___ shoulders

Answer 24

Depress, lower