Muscular System

Question 1

What are the cells of the muscular system? What is the action of these cells? What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

Myocytes
Contraction (shortening) of fibers
SmM, Cardiac, SkM

Question 2

Where is SmM found?
Contractions are ___ movements triggered by impulses from ___ NS.
Give 3 examples of smooth muscle contraction

Answer 2

Walls of hollow organs
Involuntary, autonomic
E.g. peristalsis in digestive tract; expansion, contraction of bladder; changing shape of eye lens

Question 3

Cardiac muscle fibers are made of cells known as?
What aspect of the cells allow connections to form a network that facilitates ___ contraction

Answer 3

Cardiomyocytes
Branching, coordinated

Question 4

What is the function of contraction of cardiac muscle fibers? It is induced by signaling of ___ ___ system

Answer 4

Heart pumping
Cardiac conduction system

Question 5

This muscle attaches to + moves bone
It contracts + relaxes in response to ___ messaging from the NS
Long cells are called ___, and they’re organized into bundles called ___. What are they supplied + innervated by?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Muscle fibers, fascicles
BVs, motor neurons

Question 6

This thin CT wraps around a whole muscle

Answer 6

Epimysium

Question 7

This CT surrounds a fascicle

Answer 7

Perimysium

Question 8

This CT surrounds an individual muscle fiber

Answer 8

Endomysium

Question 9

Skeletal muscle has attachment sites where it connects to bone. What is this done via?

Answer 9

Tendons

Question 10

The two attachment sites are known as

Answer 10

Origin + insertion

Question 11

This attachment site of muscle is where bone remains immobile during action

Answer 11

Origin

Question 12

This attachment site of muscle is where bone moves during action

Answer 12

Insertion

Question 13

This muscle performs an action

Answer 13

Agonist

Question 14

This muscle performs the opposite action (if one muscle contracts, this muscle would be relaxing)

Answer 14

Antagonist

Question 15

Name the 7 classes of skeletal muscle

Answer 15

Fusiform, parallel, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, circular

Question 16

These skeletal muscles are circular in shape.
What are two examples?

Answer 16

Circular muscles
E.g. muscle of mouth (orbicularis oris) and eye (orbicularis oculi); sphincter of bowels, bladder

Question 17

These skeletal muscles have an origin point wider than its insertion.

Answer 17

Convergent

Question 18

Convergent muscle fiber arrangement allows for ________.
They are sometimes called _____ muscles.
Give an example.

Answer 18

Max force production
Triangular
E.g. pectoralis muscle

Question 19

This skeletal muscle involves fibers running parallel to each other; sometimes called ___ muscles

Answer 19

Parallel
Strap

Question 20

Parallel muscles are ___ w/ ___ movements.
It has __ strength, __ endurance
Give an example of a parallel muscle

Answer 20

Long, large
Lower, higher
E.g. sartorius

Question 21

These skeletal muscles are sometimes included in parallel muscle group and are spindle shaped (belly is wider than origin + insertion)
Name an example.

Answer 21

Fusiform
E.g. biceps/triceps brachii

Question 22

These skeletal muscles are large in # of fibers, and have high strength

Answer 22

Pennate

Question 23

Name the 3 types of pennate muscles

Answer 23

Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

Question 24

Unipennate muscles have fibers arranged to insert ___ onto the tendon.
Give 2 examples

Answer 24

Diagonally
E.g. lumbricals, extensor digitorum longus

Question 25

Bipennate muscles have __ rows of fibers facing in ___ diagonal directions.
It has a ___ tendon (like a ___)
Bipennate muscles have ___ power and ___ ROM
Give an example.

Answer 25

2, opposite
Central, feather
Greater, less
E.g. rectus femoris (of quads)

Question 26

Multipennate muscles have __ rows of diagonal fibers w/ a central tendon which ___.
Give an example.

Answer 26

Multiple, branches
E.g. deltoid

Question 27

Name the 2 types of muscles based on their innervation

Answer 27

Hypaxial, Epaxial

Question 28

Hypaxial muscles are ___ back muscles innervated by ___ rami

Answer 28

Extrinsic, ventral

Question 29

Epaxial muscles are ___ back muscles innervated by ___ rami.

Answer 29

Intrinsic, dorsal