Superficial and Deep Gluteal Muscles

Question 1

What are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles, from most to least superficial?

Answer 1

Most superficial

• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Tensor Fascia Lata

Question 2

Gluteus Maximus

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 2

Origin: External surface of ilium, posterior to posterior gluteal line
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Action: Extension of thigh, squats
Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 3

Gluteus Medius

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 3

Origin: External surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal line
Insertion: Lateral greater trochanter
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 4

Gluteus Minimus

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 4

Origin: External surface of ilium, between anterior and inferior gluteal line
Insertion: anterior greater trochanter
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Tensor Fascia Lata

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 5

Origin: Anterior iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Action: Abduction and medial roation
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

What are the deep gluteal muscles? (5+1)

Answer 6

PGOGOQ "please go go quickly"
Piriformis 
Gemellus Superior
Obturator Internus 
Gemellus Inferior
**Obturator Externus** technically medial thigh muscle
Quadratus Femoris

Question 7

Piriformis

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 7

Origin: Anterior sacrum + sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter
Action: Lateral Rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Anterior Rami of S1 and S2

Question 8

Gemelles Superior

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 8

Origin: Ischial Spine
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus

Question 9

Obturator Internus

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 9

Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus

Question 10

Gemelles Inferior

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 10

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 11

Obturator externus
(origin, insertion, action, nerve)

Answer 11

Origin: Obturator foramen/membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Action: Lateral rotation of thigh when extended, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Nerve to obturator

Question 12

Quadratus Femoris

origin, insertion, action, nerve

Answer 12

Origin: Ischial tuberosity (lat border)
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
Action: Lateral rotation of thigh when extended, abduction of flexed thigh
Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris