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AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam > Superficial and Deep Back > Flashcards

Superficial and Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 groups of the muscles of the back? What is the function of each group?

A
  • superficial - anchor upper limb to the axial skeleton
  • intermediate - assist in respiration
  • deep - maintain posture; act on vertebral column (raise and lower spine)
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2
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial back muscles?

A

ventral rami (due to embryological migration from ventrum)

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the intermediate back muscles?

A

ventral rami (due to embryological migration from ventrum)

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the deep back muscles?

A

dorsal rami (due to original dorsal embryological location)

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5
Q

To what group of back muscles does the trapezius belong?

A

superficial

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6
Q

To what group of back muscles does the latissimus dorsi muscle belong?

A

superficial

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7
Q

To what group of back muscles does the semispinalis capitis muscle belong?

A

deep

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8
Q

To what group of back muscles does the splenius capitis muscle belong?

A

deep

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9
Q

To what group of back muscles does the splenius cervicis muscle belong?

A

deep

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10
Q

To what group of back muscles does the levator scapulae muscle belong?

A

superficial

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11
Q

To what group of back muscles does the rhomboid minor muscle belong?

A

superficial

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12
Q

To what group of back muscles does the seratus posterior superior muscle belong?

A

intermediate

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13
Q

To what group of back muscles does the rhomboid major muscle belong?

A

superficial

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14
Q

To what group of back muscles does the serratus posterior inferior muscle belong?

A

intermediate

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15
Q

To what group of back muscles does the erector spinae muscles belong?

A

deep

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16
Q

What are the three erector spinae muscles?

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissiumus
  • spinalis
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17
Q

How do deep back muscles receive their innervation?

A

segmentally (at each spinal level in each region)

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18
Q

If an injury occurred in which 2 dorsal rami were lost, how would it affect the patient?

A

it wouldn’t; there is significant overlap between the dorsal rami nerves so there would be no clinical symptoms

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19
Q

True or false: Dorsal rami nerves are ipsilateral (do not cross at the midline).

A

true

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20
Q

Why is it helpful that the dorsal rami nerves are ipsilateral?

A

the midline represents a useful internervous plane for performing surgical procedures on the spine

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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A
  • origin - superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes
  • insertion - lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
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22
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

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23
Q

What is the vascular and nerve supply to the trapezius?

A

accessory nerve (CN XI) and transverse cervical vessels (and ventral rami of C3-C4 for proprioception)

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24
Q

What is the course of the accessory nerve to the trapezius muscle?

A

runs deep to the muscle posteroinferiorly from the jugular foramen

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25
Q

What is the course of the ventral rami of C3-C4 to the trapezius muscle?

A

runs deep to the muscle posteriorly from intervertebral foramen

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26
Q

What is the course of the transverse cervical artery and vein to the trapezius muscle?

A

runs deep to the muscle posterolaterally from thyrocervical trunk

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27
Q

What nerves make up the subtrapezial plexus? What is the function of each nerve?

A
  • CN XI - motor to trapezius and SCM

- C3-C4 ventral rami - proprioception

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28
Q

What is proprioception?

A

ability to sense position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and/or parts of the body

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29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A
  • origin - T7-T12 spinous processes, TL fascia, and crest of the ilium
  • insertion - intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus
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30
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

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31
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

thoracodorsal nerve and vessels and intercostal vessels

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid minor and major muscles?

A
  • origin - C7-T5 spinous processes

- insertion - medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

33
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid muscles?

A

retract scapula

34
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the rhomboid muscles?

A

dorsal scapular nerves and vessels

35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae muscle?

A
  • origin - transverse processes of the first 3-4 vertebrae

- insertion - upper medial border of the scapula

36
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle?

A

elevates scapula

37
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the levator scapule muscle?

A

dorsal scapular nerves and vessels

38
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior muscle?

A
  • origin - lateral surface of first 8 ribs

- insertion - anterior surface of medial border of scapula

39
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

protracts scapula and holds it to the body wall

40
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic vessels

41
Q

What are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation?

A
  • superior - trapezius muscle
  • inferior - latissimus dorsi muscle
  • lateral - rhomboid major muscle
  • floor (deep) - 6th intercostal space (between 6th and 7th ribs)
42
Q

What is the clinical significance of the triangle of auscultation?

A

allows for listening to the organs of thorax (via stethoscope) which has diagnostic importance

43
Q

When is the triangle of auscultation accentuated?

A

when scapula is protracted

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the lumbar triangle?

A
  • medial - latissimus dorsi muscle
  • lateral - external oblique muscle
  • inferior - iliac crest
  • floor (deep) - internal oblique muscle
45
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lumbar triangle?

A

can become a site of lumar hernia

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A
  • origin - C7-T3 spinous processes

- insertion - superior border of ribs 2 through 4 (5)

47
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

elevates upper ribs

48
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

first 4 intercostal nerves and vessels

49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A
  • origin - T11-L2 spinous processes

- insertion - inferior border of ribs 8 (or 9) through 12

50
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

depresses lower ribs

51
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

A

last 4 intercostal nerves and vessels

52
Q

What portion(s) of the back (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) does the erector spinae muscles cover?

A

lumbar and thoracic

53
Q

What portion(s) of the back (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) does the splenius capitus and cervicis cover?

54
Q

What portion(s) of the back (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) does the semispinalis capitis and cervicis cover?

55
Q

What portion(s) of the back (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) does the multifidus cover?

56
Q

What portion(s) of the back (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) does the rotatores cover?

57
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae muscle?

A
  • origin - posterior sacrum, ilium, and spinous processes

- insertion - spinous processes, transverse processes, and ribs

58
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae muscles?

A

erect spine (postural muscles)

59
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the erector spinae muscles?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves and lumbar and intercostal vessels

60
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles?

A
  • origin (both) - nuchal ligament and upper spinous processes
  • insertion (capitis) - occipital bone and mastoid process
  • insertion (cervicis) - upper cervical transverse processes
61
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles?

A

extend and laterally rotate the head and neck

62
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves and deep cervical vessels

63
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis capitis and cervicis muscles?

A
  • origin (both) - upper thoracic transverse processes
  • insertion (capitis) - occipital bone between nuchal lines
  • insertion (cervicis) - upper cervical spines
64
Q

What is the action of the semispinalis capitis and cervicis?

A

extend the head and neck

65
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the semispinalis capitis and cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves and deep cervical vessels

66
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the multifidus muscle?

A
  • origin - sacrum and lower transverse processes

- insertion - spinous processes (span 2-4 vertebrae)

67
Q

What is the action of the multifidus muscle?

A

laterally flexes and rotates spine

68
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the multifidus muscle?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves and lumbar vessels

69
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rotatores muscle?

A
  • origin - transverse processes

- insertion - spinous processes (span 1-2 vertebrae)

70
Q

What is the action of the rotatores muscle?

A

rotate spine

71
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the rotatores muscle?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves and intercostal vessels

72
Q

What are the 3 minor deep muscles of the back?

A
  • interspinalis
  • intertransversarius
  • levator costarum
73
Q

Where is the interspinalis muscle located? What is its function?

A
  • between spinous processes

- minor extensors of spine

74
Q

Where is the intertransversarius muscle located? What is its function?

A
  • between transverse processes

- minor lateral flexors of spine

75
Q

Where is the levator costarum muscle located? What is its function?

A
  • from transverse process to ribs

- minor elevators of ribs

AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam (4 decks)

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