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AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam > Arm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Arm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial structures of the upper limb?

A
  • cutaneous nerves - located in superficial fascia; not visible through skin; branches of brachial plexus deep to deep fascia
  • superficial veins - located in superficial fascia; generally visible through skin; tributaries to deep veins beneath deep fascia
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2
Q

What are the superficial veins of the upper limb?

A
  • dorsal venous arch
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein
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3
Q

Describe the venous arch of the hand.

A
  • drains superficial dorsal veins of hand
  • arches across dorsal surface of hand
  • tributary to both cephalic and basilic veins
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4
Q

Which vein near the hand is often used for venipuncture for an IV or drawing blood?

A

dorsal venous arch of hand

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5
Q

Describe the course of the cephalic vein.

A
  • drains poterior/lateral aspect of upper limb
  • runs in deltopectoral groove and pierces deep fascia
  • tributary to axillary vein
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6
Q

Describe the course of the basilic vein.

A
  • drains anterior/medial aspect of upper limb
  • pierces deep fascia of arm
  • tributary to brachial vein
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7
Q

Describe the course of the median cubital vein.

A
  • connects cephalic and basilic veins

- located in the cubital fossa

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8
Q

Which vein near the elbow is often used for venipuncture for an IV or drawing blood?

A

median cubital vein

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9
Q

What is the deep fascia of the arm called?

A

brachial fascia

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10
Q

How does the brachial fascia connect to the humerus and how does it divide the arm?

A
  • connected to the humerus by 2 fascial septa

- divided the arm into anterior and posterior compartments

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11
Q

How is the brachial fascia clinically relevant?

A

compartmental syndromes - increase in pressure of one of the compartments can affect circulation

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12
Q

What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscles
  • brachial vessels
  • 5 brachial plexus nerves
    • 3 motor nerves: musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves
    • 2 cutaneous nerves: medial brachial and medial antibrachial cutaneous nerves
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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii muscle?

A
  • origin (long head) - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • origin (short head) - coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion - radial (bicipital) tuberosity of radius
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14
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

flexes and supinates forearm (slight arm flexion)

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15
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

musculocutaneous nerve and brachial vessels

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • origin - coracoid process of scapula

- insertion - medial surface of middle of humerus

17
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

flexes and adducts arm

18
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

musculocutaneous nerve and brachial vessels

19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A
  • origin - lower 1/2 of anterior humerus

- insertion - ulnar tuberosity of ulna

20
Q

What is the action of the brachialis muscle?

A

flexes arm

21
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the brachialis muscle?

A

radial and musculocutaneous nerves and brachial vessels

22
Q

What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • triceps brachii muscle
  • radial nerve
  • deep brachial artery
23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii muscle?

A
  • origin (long head) - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • origin (lateral head) - posterior shaft of humerus
  • origin (medial head) - posterior shaft of humerus
  • insertion - olecranon process of ulna
24
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii muscle?

A

extends forearm

25
Q

What is the nerve and vascular supply of the triceps brachii muscle?

A

radial nerve and deep brachial vessels

26
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

depressed area anterior to elbow

27
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A
  • biceps brachii tendon
  • brachial artery
  • median nerve
  • NOTE: superficial veins lie above this area (median cubital vein)
28
Q

What surrounds the brachial artery and the median nerve?

A

bicipital aponeurosis

29
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A
  • lateral border - brachioradialis muscle
  • medial border - pronator teres muscle
  • superior border - imaginary line between humeral epicondyles
  • floor - supinator and brachialis muscles
30
Q

After supplying the muscles of the arm, what does the musculocutaneous nerve continue as? What does it then supply?

A
  • lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve

- supplies skin of lateral forearm

31
Q

What is the course of the median nerve once it enters the cubital fossa?

A
  • crosses to the medial side of the brachial artery and enters cubital fossa
  • runs between superficial and deep anterior forearm muscles
  • supplies most muscles in anterior forearm
  • continues under carpal tunnel to supply lateral hand
32
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar nerve.

A
  • travels posteriorly down medial aspect of arm
  • runs in cubital tunnel between medial epicondyle and olecranon
  • dives deep into medial forearm with ulnar artery to supply it
  • continues over carpal tunnel to supply medial hand and deepest muscles of hand
33
Q

Which nerve is known as the “funny bone” nerve?

A

ulnar nerve

34
Q

Describe the course of the radial nerve.

A
  • runs with deep brachial artery in radial groove of humerus (between lateral and medial heads of triceps)
  • continues between brachialis and brachioradialis muscles
  • supplies all of triceps brachii and lateral part of brachialis muscles
  • divides into superficial and deep branches
    • superficial branch - continues to supply skin on back of hand
    • deep branch - dives to supply muscles of posterior forearm
35
Q

Describe the course of the brachial artery.

A
  • direct continuation of axillary artery
  • runs from inferior border of teres major muscle to its bifurcation
  • splits to radial and ulnar arteries in cubital fossa
  • also sends off deep brachial artery (while in upper arm) and several muscular branches
  • sends off superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries
36
Q

Name the 4 collateral arteries of the elbow region and their recurrent arteries.

A
  • superior ulnar collateral artery - posterior ulnar recurrent artery
  • inferior ulnar collateral artery - anterior ulnar recurrent artery
  • radial collateral artery - interosseous recurrent artery
  • middle collateral artery - interosseous recurrent artery
37
Q

Where do the radial and middle collateral arteries branch from?

A

deep brachial artery

38
Q

What region of the brachial artery can be ligated so that the blood supply will be covered via collateral circulation?

A

between the inferior ulnar collateral artery and the bifurcation of the brachial artery

39
Q

Describe the course of the basilic vein.

A
  • drains anterior/medial aspect of upper limb
  • pierces deep fascia of arm
  • tributary to brachial vein

AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam (4 decks)

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