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AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

pyramidal-shaped region between arm and chest

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2
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A
  • anterior wall - pectoralis major and minor muscles
  • posterior wall - latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis muscles
  • medial wall - seratus anterior muscle
  • lateral wall - intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • base - skin and fascia of armpit
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3
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A
  • axillary sheath - axillary artery and brachial plexus
  • axillary vein and lymphatics (outside sheath)
  • fat and connective tissue
  • cutaneous nerves
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4
Q

What are the 5 principal groups of lymph nodes in the axilla? What do they drain?

A
  • pectoral - anterior thoracic wall and most of breast
  • subscapular - posterior thoracic wall and scapular region
  • humeral - upper limb except for the portion along the cephalic vein
  • central - from all 3 above to apical
  • apical - all + proximal cephalic vein nodes
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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the axillary artery and what branches does each part give?

A
  • 1st part - between first rib and pectoralis minor muscle
    • superior thoracic artery
  • 2nd part - deep to pectoralis minor muscle
    • thoracoacromial artery
    • lateral thoracic artery
  • 3rd part - between pectoralis minor and teres major muscles
    • subscapular artery
    • anterior circumflex humeral artery
    • posterior circumflex humeral artery
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6
Q

What rami compose the brachial plexus?

A

ventral rami C5-T1

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7
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply?

A

all muscles of the upper limb except trapezius muscle

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8
Q

Where does C1-C8 nerves emerge in respect to their vertebrae of the same name?

A
  • C1-C7 emerge above C1-C7 vertebrae

- there is no C8 vertebrae so C8 emerges below C7 and above T1 vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the structure of the brachial plexus? (What are the sections of the brachial plexus?)

A
  • rami (5) - emerge in upper neck
  • trunks (3) - form in lower neck
  • divisions (6) - split off behind clavicle
  • cords (3) - form in axillary region
  • branches (5) - split off in upper arm
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10
Q

What spinal nerves form the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

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11
Q

What spinal nerves form the median nerve?

A

C5-T1

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12
Q

What spinal nerves form the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

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13
Q

What spinal nerves form the axillary nerve?

A

C5, C6

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14
Q

What spinal nerves form the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

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15
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the joining of the C5 and C6 rami?

A

upper trunk

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16
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the joining of the C8 and T1 rami?

A

lower trunk

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17
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the joining of the upper and middle trunks?

A

lateral cord

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18
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the joining of the posterior divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks?

A

posterior cord

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19
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is the name of the trunk formed by the C7 rami?

A

middle trunk

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20
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the anterior division of the lower trunk?

A

medial cord

21
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the joining of the lateral and medial cords?

A

median nerve

22
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed only by the lateral cord?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

23
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed only by the medial cord?

A

ulnar nerve

24
Q

In the brachial plexus, what is formed by the posterior cord?

A

radial nerve and axillary nerve

25
Q

What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • formed from the lateral cord
  • passes through coracobrachialis muscle
  • enters the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles
  • innervates coracobrachialis, biceps, and half of the brachialis muscles
26
Q

What is the “major nerve of the anterior arm”?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

27
Q

What is the course of the median nerve?

A
  • formed from 1/2 lateral cord and 1/2 medial cord
  • passes medial to arm muscles
  • innervates most of the anterior forearm, 3 thenar eminence muscles, and first 2 lumbricals in hand
28
Q

What is the “major nerve of the anterior forearm”?

A

median nerve

29
Q

What is the course of the ulnar nerve?

A
  • formed from medial cord
  • runs behind the medial epicondyle
  • innervates most of the muscles of the hand, flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, and ulnar 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundis muscle in forearm
30
Q

What is the “major nerve of the hand”?

A

ulnar nerve

31
Q

What is the course of the axillary nerve?

A
  • formed from posterior cord
  • circles behind humerus in quadrangular space
  • innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
32
Q

What is the course of the radial nerve?

A
  • formed from posterior cord
  • passes posterior to humerus in radial groove and within triangular interval
  • innervates all muscles in posterior arm and posterior forearm and 1/2 of brachialis muscle
33
Q

What is the “major nerve of the posterior arm and forearm”?

A

radial nerve

34
Q

What nerves make up the upper plexus? What spinal nerves contribute to them?

A
  • dorsal scapular nerve - C5
  • long thoracic nerve - C5-C7
  • suprascapular nerve - C5-C6
35
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

rhomoboid and levator scapulae muscles

36
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

serratus anterior muscle

37
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve supply?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

38
Q

What are the two pectoral nerves? What spinal nerves contribute to them?

A
  • lateral pectoral nerve - C5-C7

- medial pectoral nerve - C8-T1

39
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply?

A

pectoralis major muscle

40
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

pectoralis major and minor muscles

41
Q

What nerves make up the lower plexus? What spinal nerves contribute to them?

A
  • upper subscapular nerve - C5-C6
  • thoracodorsal nerve - C6-C8
  • lower subscapular nerve - C5-C6
42
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve supply?

A

subscapularis muscle

43
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

latissimus dorsi muscle

44
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve supply?

A

subscapularis and teres major muscles

45
Q

What are the additional nerves (not including those of the upper/lower plexuses or pectoral region) that branch off of the brachial plexus? What spinal nerves contribute to them?

A
  • nerve to subclavius muscle - C5-C6
  • medial brachial cutaneous nerve - C8-T1
  • medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve - C8-T1
46
Q

What does the nerve to subclavius supply?

A

subclavius muscle

47
Q

What does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve supply?

A

sensory to medial arm

48
Q

What does the medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve supply?

A

sensory to medial forearm

AU13 - Anatomy Final Exam (4 decks)

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