Sunscreen Flashcards

1
Q

Solar ultraviolet irradiation can be harmful to the skin. It is responsible for skin disorders such as ________________, ______________, and it provokes the various cutaneous _______________

A

polymorphic light eruption

solar urticaria

porphyrias

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2
Q

Solar UV irradiation may trigger or aggravate skin lesions of ________________, ______________, and other dermatoses, as well as attacks of recurrent ______________

A

lupus erythematosus

rosacea

Herpes labialis

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3
Q

Certain drugs, such as ________________, _______________, or ________________, can cause photosensitivity.

A

demeclocycline

phenothiazines

amiodarone

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4
Q

The UV effects of exposure over longer periods include _____________, and more importantly the initiation of _____________.

A

ageing changes

skin cancer

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5
Q

Solar ultraviolet radiation is approximately ______________ in wavelength.

A

200–400 nm

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6
Q

Which wavelength of solar radiation cause sunburn?

A

UVB, medium wavelength sunlight (290-320 nm)

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7
Q

The long wavelengths (320–400 nm, known as UVA) are responsible for many ________________ and _______________.

A

photosensitivity reactions

photodermatoses

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8
Q

Which UV wavelengths contribute to long-term photodamage, skin cancer, and aging?

A

Both UVA and UVB

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9
Q

Are sunscreen preparations an adequate substitute for covering the skin and avoiding sunlight?

A

No; although they protect against UVA and UVB, they are not a substitute

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10
Q

What does SPF stand for?

A

Sun protection factor; provides guidance on the degree of protection offered against UVB

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11
Q

The sun protection factor (SPF, usually indicated in the preparation title) provides guidance on the degree of protection offered against ________

A

UVB

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12
Q

What does SPF (the sun protection factor) indicate?

A

The multiples of protection provided against burning, compared with unprotected skin; for example, an SPF of 8 should enable a person to remain 8 times longer in the sun without burning

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13
Q

Most users do not apply sufficient sunscreen product. The amount of sunscreen needed to cover the body of an average adult to achieve the stated SPF is around _________ mL or _________ teaspoons of lotion

A

35

6–8

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14
Q

The EU Commission (September 2006) has recommended that the UVA protection factor for a sunscreen should be at least ________ of the sun protection factor (SPF); products that achieve this requirement will be labelled with a UVA logo alongside the SPF classification

A

one-third

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15
Q

Preparations that also contain ___________ substances, such as titanium dioxide, provide the most effective protection against UVA

A

reflective

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16
Q

Preparations that also contain reflective substances, such as titanium dioxide, provide the most effective protection against __________

A

UVA

17
Q

Sunscreen preparations may cause ______________ as a result of an allergy to one of its ingredients.

A

contact dermatitis

18
Q

As maximum protection from sunlight is desirable in patients with _____________, sunscreen with the highest SPF is essential

A

photodermatoses

19
Q

Some sunscreen products are regarded as drugs when prescribed for skin protection against ultraviolet radiation and/or visible light in abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity causing severe cutaneous reactions in genetic disorders (including ______________ and _____________), severe photodermatoses (both idiopathic and acquired) and in those with increased risk of ultraviolet radiation causing adverse effects due to chronic disease (such as ______________), medical therapies and/or procedures.

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

porphyrias

haematological malignancies