Sunscreen

Question 1

Solar ultraviolet irradiation can be harmful to the skin. It is responsible for skin disorders such as ________________, ______________, and it provokes the various cutaneous _______________

Answer 1

polymorphic light eruption

solar urticaria

porphyrias

Question 2

Solar UV irradiation may trigger or aggravate skin lesions of ________________, ______________, and other dermatoses, as well as attacks of recurrent ______________

Answer 2

lupus erythematosus

rosacea

Herpes labialis

Question 3

Certain drugs, such as ________________, _______________, or ________________, can cause photosensitivity.

Answer 3

demeclocycline

phenothiazines

amiodarone

Question 4

The UV effects of exposure over longer periods include _____________, and more importantly the initiation of _____________.

Answer 4

ageing changes

skin cancer

Question 5

Solar ultraviolet radiation is approximately ______________ in wavelength.

Answer 5

200–400 nm

Question 6

Which wavelength of solar radiation cause sunburn?

Answer 6

UVB, medium wavelength sunlight (290-320 nm)

Question 7

The long wavelengths (320–400 nm, known as UVA) are responsible for many ________________ and _______________.

Answer 7

photosensitivity reactions

photodermatoses

Question 8

Which UV wavelengths contribute to long-term photodamage, skin cancer, and aging?

Answer 8

Both UVA and UVB

Question 9

Are sunscreen preparations an adequate substitute for covering the skin and avoiding sunlight?

Answer 9

No; although they protect against UVA and UVB, they are not a substitute

Question 10

What does SPF stand for?

Answer 10

Sun protection factor; provides guidance on the degree of protection offered against UVB

Question 11

The sun protection factor (SPF, usually indicated in the preparation title) provides guidance on the degree of protection offered against ________

Answer 11

UVB

Question 12

What does SPF (the sun protection factor) indicate?

Answer 12

The multiples of protection provided against burning, compared with unprotected skin; for example, an SPF of 8 should enable a person to remain 8 times longer in the sun without burning

Question 13

Most users do not apply sufficient sunscreen product. The amount of sunscreen needed to cover the body of an average adult to achieve the stated SPF is around _________ mL or _________ teaspoons of lotion

Answer 13

35

6–8

Question 14

The EU Commission (September 2006) has recommended that the UVA protection factor for a sunscreen should be at least ________ of the sun protection factor (SPF); products that achieve this requirement will be labelled with a UVA logo alongside the SPF classification

Answer 14

one-third

Question 15

Preparations that also contain ___________ substances, such as titanium dioxide, provide the most effective protection against UVA

Answer 15

reflective

Question 16

Preparations that also contain reflective substances, such as titanium dioxide, provide the most effective protection against __________

Answer 16

UVA

Question 17

Sunscreen preparations may cause ______________ as a result of an allergy to one of its ingredients.

Answer 17

contact dermatitis

Question 18

As maximum protection from sunlight is desirable in patients with _____________, sunscreen with the highest SPF is essential

Answer 18

photodermatoses

Question 19

Some sunscreen products are regarded as drugs when prescribed for skin protection against ultraviolet radiation and/or visible light in abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity causing severe cutaneous reactions in genetic disorders (including ______________ and _____________), severe photodermatoses (both idiopathic and acquired) and in those with increased risk of ultraviolet radiation causing adverse effects due to chronic disease (such as ______________), medical therapies and/or procedures.

Answer 19

xeroderma pigmentosum

porphyrias

haematological malignancies