Skin Conditions, Management Flashcards
Both ____________ and ____________ ingredients are important in the treatment of skin conditions
vehicle (vehicle alone may have more than a mere placebo effect)
active
What are the effects of the vehicle ingredients of topical skin preparations? (3)
- Affects the degree of hydration of the skin
- Has a mild anti-inflammatory effect
- Aids penetration of the active drug
Applications are usually _____________, ____________, or ____________ for application to the skin (including the scalp) or nails
viscous solutions
emulsions
suspensions
What are collodions?
Collodions are painted on the skin and allowed to dry to leave a flexible film over the site of application.
Creams are emulsions of ___________ and ___________ and are generally well absorbed into the skin. They may contain an antimicrobial preservative unless the active ingredient or basis is intrinsically bactericidal and fungicidal
oil
water
Generally, creams are cosmetically more acceptable than ointments because they are _______________
less greasy and easier to apply.
Gels consist of active ingredients in suitable hydrophilic or hydrophobic bases; they generally have a high ____________ content.
water
Gels are particularly suitable for application to the ____________ and ____________
face
scalp
Lotions have a _____________ effect and may be preferred to ointments or creams for application over a hairy area
cooling
Lotions in ______________ basis can sting if used on broken skin
alcoholic
______________ lotions (such as calamine lotion) contain insoluble powders which leave a deposit on the skin surface.
Shake
Ointments are ______________ preparations which are normally anhydrous and insoluble in water, and are more occlusive than creams.
greasy
*They are particularly suitable for chronic, dry lesions
Ointments are particularly suitable for ___________, ____________ lesions
Chronic
Dry
Water-soluble ointments contain ______________ which are freely soluble in water and are therefore readily washed off
macrogols
The most commonly used ointment bases consist of soft _____________ or a combination of soft, liquid, and hard _____________
paraffin
paraffin
Pastes are ___________ preparations containing a high proportion of finely powdered solids such as zinc oxide and starch suspended in an ointment.
stiff
Pastes are used for ______________ lesions such as those which occur in lichen simplex, chronic eczema, or psoriasis.
circumscribed
- They are less occlusive than ointments and can be used to protect inflamed, lichenified, or excoriated skin
Dusting powders are used only rarely. They reduce ___________ between opposing skin surfaces.
friction
- Dusting powders should not be applied to moist areas because they can cake and abrade the skin
Dusting powders should not be applied to _____________ areas because they can cake and abrade the skin
moist
Talc is a lubricant but it does not absorb moisture; it can cause ____________ irritation
respiratory
The BP directs that creams and ointments should not normally be ___________ but that should it be necessary, care should be taken, in particular, to prevent ___________
diluted
microbial contamination
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to the face? Lotion?
15-30 g
100 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to both hands? Lotion?
25-50 g
200 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to the scalp? Lotion?
50-100 g
200 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to both arms or both legs? Lotion?
100-200 g
200 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to the trunk? Lotion?
400 g
500 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
What is a suitable amount of creams or ointment to apply to the groin and genitals? Lotion?
15-25 g
100 ml
*does NOT apply to corticosteroid preparation
Which excipients are associated (rarely) with sensitization? (18)
- Beeswax
- Benzyl alcohol
- Butylated hydroxyanisole
- Butylated hydroxytoluene
- Cetostearyl alcohol (including cetyl and stearyl alcohol)
- Chlorocresol
- Edetic acid (EDTA)
- Ethylenediamine
- Fragrances
- Hydroxybenzoates (parabens)
- Imidurea
- Isopropyl palmitate
- N-(3-Chloroallyl)hexaminium chloride (quaternium 15)
- Polysorbates
- Propylene glycol
- Sodium metabisulfite
- Sorbic acid
- Wool fat and related substances including lanolin (purified versions of wool fat have reduced the problem)
