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Coasts > Sundarbans > Flashcards

Sundarbans Flashcards

1
Q

How has sea level change/climate change impacted the Sundarbans?

A
  • high levels of salination in the delta, unusable for farming
  • greater flooding and increasing intensity of risks are damaging wildlife and mangroves
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2
Q

What is one way the government is helping the forest dependent people in the Sundarbans?

A
  • issuing grants and encouraging other sources of income such as farming or shop-keeping or eco-tourism
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3
Q

Why is the Sundarbans important for people’s livelihoods?

A
  • fishing provides income
  • wood/natural materials used for housing
  • collection of food
  • medicines
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4
Q

How is the Sundarbans being protected?

A
  • complete moratorium on timber, non-timer can only be removed with a permit from the ‘buffer-zone’
  • limited use of resources from June-August (most breeding seasons)
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5
Q

Why does the Sundarbans need to be protected in order to manage flood and erosion risk?

A
  • mangroves reduce wave and storm energy before it comes into contact with urban areas
  • they also reduce the rate of erosion. They trap sediment, allowing lands to form, becoming more resistant to SLC
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6
Q

In what ways is the Sundarbans management an integrated sustainable approach?

A

Sundarban delta Vision 2050 - considers all stakeholders at all levels to create an effective and acheivable management plan

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7
Q

What are two economic opportunities in the Sundarbans?

A
  • food such as fish
  • resources such as wood
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8
Q

What is a natural threat to the Sundarbans

A
  • cyclones and flooding
  • high salinity
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9
Q

What is a human threat to the Sundarbans?

A
  • over-exploitation of resources
  • lack of awareness
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10
Q

How have Bangladesh adapted to the threats facing the Sundarbans?

A
  • salt tolerant crops (rice)
  • cyclone shelters and training
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11
Q

What delta makes up the Sundarbans region?

A

Ganges, Padma and Brahmaputra and Meghna

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12
Q

What is the economic value of 1ha of mangrove forest?

A

$12,000

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13
Q

How long can salt-tolerant crops survive under water?

A

2 weeks

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14
Q

How long till the Sundarbans is underwater?

A

15-25 years

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15
Q

How many Bangladeshis live in the Sundarbans region?

A

2.3 million

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16
Q

How many people live in the Sundarbans (across India and Bangladesh)?

A

6.8 million

17
Q

What is an MoU?

A

a nonbinding agreement that states each party’s intentions to take action

18
Q

What MoU was signed in the Sundarbans?

A
  • signed in September 2011
  • conservation of the Sundarbans
  • management of climate-related challenges
19
Q

What is Sundarban Delta Vision 2050?

A
  • backed by integrated management strategies
  • focus on conserving present ecosystem
    AO2: implementation is difficult,
    other agreements/plans may be needed
20
Q

Give an example of a tour operator promoting eco-toursim in the Sundarbans?

A

Bengal Tours Ltd
Guide Tours Ltd

21
Q

What is the total area of the Sundarbans mangrove forest?

A

10,200 km2

22
Q

How many species of plants are in the Sundarbans?

A

334

23
Q

How many tons of fish were harvested from the Sundarbans in the fiscal year 2011-2012?
How many tourists visited in the same period?

A

4,800
183,600

24
Q

How much illegally harvested timber were ceased by the Forest Department in the fiscal year 2011-2012?

A

27,600 cubic feet

25
Q

What is causing high salinity in the Sundarbans?

A
  • eustatic sea level change
  • water abstraction from the Ganges river, which reduces freshwater flow into the delta
26
Q

How long have embankments been built for?

A

since 1960s

27
Q

What does the BI-SRCI suggest?

A
  • management of the Sundarbans looks at it as one ecosystem (‘Joint Landscape Narrative’)
  • ecotourism and sustainable communities
28
Q

What percentage of people in the Sundarbans are exposed to disaster events?

A

92%

29
Q

What percentage of losses in the Sundarbans are caused by cyclones?

A

45%

30
Q

Why are mangroves good carbon sinks?

A
  • can take in up to 10x more than forests
  • store in soil and sediments for a long period of time
31
Q

How much have sea levels risen in the Sundarbans?

A

3cm a year over the last 20 years

32
Q

from 1975 to 2020, how much has mangrove density reduced by each year?

A

1.3% each year

33
Q

How much are post-monsoon cyclones expected to increase by, between 2041-2060?

A

50% increase

34
Q

How many km of embankments did Cyclone Aila destroy in 2009?

A

778km,
cost USD 670 million to rebuild
later destroyed by cyclone Amphan

35
Q

What % of global C emissions does Bangladesh account for?

A

less than 0.5%

36
Q

What opportunities for sustainable development in the Sundarbans are there?

A
  • eco-tourism
  • education
  • biodiversity conservation
  • bilateral cooperation

Coasts (12 decks)

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