Coastal Management Flashcards
What are SMPs?
management plans for coastal areas which are determined by sediment cells, not political boundaries. they include 4 main ‘tactics’ and consider a variety of time scales
What are the 4 main things SMPs can choose to do?
- advance the line
- hold the line
- managed retreat
- do nothing
What are 3 positives of using SMPs in coastal management?
- continually reviewed and updated
- localised so consider issues in the area
- EA funding - used effectively?
- up to 100 years in advance
What are 3 disadvantages of using SMPs in coastal management?
- funding reduced since 2010
- potential conflicts between stakeholders
- environmentally sustainability questionable if only holding the line
What is ICZM?
A holistic, integrated approach to management that considers all stakeholders involved in activities at the coast
What is an advantage of using ICZM to manage coasts?
- it considers all stakeholders
- sectoral approach often undermined, this is not the case with ICZM
What are the main aims of coastal management?
- preparation and mitigation of flood risk
- limiting coastal erosion
What is hard engineering?
techniques which work against nature, have huge impacts on natural processes
What is soft engineering?
working alongside natural processes, have less impacts on these
Why are sea walls good?
they dissipate wave energy and act as a barrier to flooding. They also could provide social opportunities (tourist, promenade etc.)
What is a disadvantage of revetments?
ruin appearance, reduce number of social oportunities
What is a disadvantage of groynes?
increase erosion further down the coast
What is an example of coastal management in Poole Bay?
- 375m sea wall, raised 300mm; to provide defence until 2060
- Canford Cliffs stabilisation 2020-2021
- Beach nourishment 2020-2021
- 52 new groynes
How much damage does the management of Poole bay/holes bay prevent?
it is estimated that it stops £161mn in damage over the next 100yrs
What is a disadvantage of beach nourishment?
needs continual maintenance
What are the advantages of beach nourishment?
- cheap
- looks natural
- tourism
What is cliff regrading?
reducing the angle of the cliff to help stabilise it,
causes retreat however is effective on rocks such as clay
What are the positives of dune stabilisation?
- biodiversity
- looks natural
- cheap and sustainable
What are the negatives of dune stabilisation?
- time consuming
- restricted access
When and where was the concept of ICZM introduced?
Rio’s Earth Summit, 1997 (global governance!!!!)
When was ICZM reviewed and changed?
2013, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) introduced, where land use is mapped out
What are the disadvantages of ICZM?
- lack of funding
- too many stakeholders?
- lack of knowledge from local authorities
Where is an example of Gabions?
Skipsea (Holderness)