Holderness Flashcards
Where is Holderness?
North east
What is the geology like at Holderness?
has boulder clay which is rapidly eroding
also has chalk which is more resistant
Why is the area so vulnerable to erosion?
strong prevailing winds (due to large fetch) lead to longshore drift
soft boulder clay that erodes rapidly when saturated
Where can hard engineering be seen along the coastline at Holderness?
Hornsea, Mappleton
How much did the sea defences cost in Mappleton (1991)?
£1.9mil
What is a benefit of the management at Mappleton?
allows mortgages and protects jobs
What is a negative impact of the management at Mappleton?
exacerbates erosion further down the coast, may damage the SSSI Spurn Point
Why did mappleton need sea defences?
main road was close to sea and at risk of eroding
What management is occuring at mappleton?
rock groynes, vegetation to stabilise cliffs (mass movement)
What is the rate of erosion at Mappleton?
2.0m per year
What support is available to residents at Holderness?
limited financial assistance and advice
relocation and adaption packages
up to £1000
Describe the 4 step processes acting on the boulder clay cliffs at Holderness
- cliffs become saturated
- cliff is weakened and falls
- reduces cliff angle which reduces erosion
- material transported away (LSD) so cycle begins again
What are 3 impacts of coastal erosion b the Holderness coast?
- loss of access to roads (mappleton)
- Hornsea Mere and Spurn Point are SSSI
- property value decreasing
How far is the road at Mappleton from the cliff edge?
50m
What area to the south of Mappleton is impacted by the coastal management there?
Aldborough
What settlement was lost due to erosion?
Kilnsea
What hotel at Scarborough collapsed in 1993?
Holbeck Hall
How long is the sea wall at Bridlington?
4.7km
How much funding was provided by the EU in 1991 to protect the road?
£2.1 million
How long is the fetch of waves reaching the Holderness coastline?
500-800 km
How many villages have been lost since roman times?
23
When was spit protection abandoned?
1995
What % of the UKs gas comes from Easington gas works?
25%
How is positive feedback impacting Holderness?
- erosion likely to worsen
- which leaves the coastline more exposed to high energy waves
- meaning more erosion
- so management has been put in place to protect communities
Where is the SMP that includes Holderness?
Holderness to Gibraltar point
What are the SMPs decision for:
- chalk cliffs
- Holderness cliffs?
- allow natural processes
- allow processes along the frontage, protect Bridlington, Withernsea and Hornsea as well as Mappleton and Easington
What are the SMPs decision for:
- Spurn head
- Humber estuary?
- allow it to develop with limited intervention
- sustainable flood protection
What ICZM covers Holderness?
East Riding ICZM
How is the East Riding ICZM different to the Holderness to humber estuary SMP?
- more holistic
covers these functions: - Tourism and recreation
- Urbanisation
- Fishing and aquaculture
- Agriculture and forestry
- Industry energy and transport
- Nature and conservation
Which is the main management in holderness?
the SMP has overtaken the ICZM, although some policies still used and relevant
How much was spent on revetments to protect the Easington gas works?
£4.5 million
What management has occured at Withernsea and how much did it cost?
- recurved wall
- riprap
- beach nourishment
- £6.3 million
