Summer Exam 2016 Flashcards
1
Q
What is puberty?
A
The age at which young people reach sexual maturity
2
Q
What is the menstrual cycle?
A
A series of changes that take place in the female body over 28 days
3
Q
What is ovulation?
A
The release of an egg from an ovary
4
Q
What is fertilization?
A
The fusion of an egg and a sperm to form a zygote
5
Q
What is implantation?
A
The attachment of a zygote to the lining of the uterus, to form an embryo
6
Q
What is pregnancy?
A
The carrying of offspring in the uterus
7
Q
What is contraception?
A
The prevention of fertilization or pregnancy
8
Q
Function of testes
A
Make sperm
9
Q
Function of scrotum
A
Keeps testes at correct temperature
10
Q
Function of sperm ducts
A
Carry sperm from testes to penis
11
Q
Function of penis
A
Passes sperm into body of female
12
Q
Function of ovaries
A
Produce eggs
13
Q
Function of vagina
A
Sperm enters female body
Birth canal
14
Q
Function of cervix
A
Where sperm passes through to reach egg
15
Q
Function of uterus
A
Where baby develops
16
Q
Function of Fallopian tubes
A
Transfer eggs from ovary to uterus
Where fertilization takes place
17
Q
Days 1-5
A
Menstruation
18
Q
Days 6-13
A
Lining of womb develops
19
Q
Days 13-15
A
Ovulation
20
Q
Days 15-28
A
Lining remains in place
21
Q
Fertile period and why
A
Days 11-16 - sperm can live for 3 days and eggs can live for 2
22
Q
Where does fertilization occur?
A
The Fallopian tubes
23
Q
Function of amnion filled with amniotic fluid
A
Shock absorber; protects baby
24
Q
Function of placenta
A
Allows material to passes between mother and baby;
- From mother; oxygen and nutrients
- From baby; waste
25
3 events before birth
Uterus contracts
Amnion bursts
Cervix widens
26
3 events after birth
Afterbirth is pushed out
Umbilical cord clamped and cut
Breasts produce milk
27
Forms of contraception
Avoid intercourse at certain times
Using a condom, a cap or chemicals to kill sperm
Surgery to close sperm ducts or Fallopian tubes
28
Where is sperm released?
The cervix
29
What is the fire triangle
Fuel + oxygen + heat
30
What are fossil fuels mainly made of?
Hydrogen
| Carbon
31
What is made when fossil fuels are burned?
Carbon dioxide and water vapour
32
Equation for burning fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide and water vapour
33
How is coal formed?
Trees and ferns that died and were buried and compressed under swamps
34
How is oil formed?
Animals and plants that lived in the sea and were buried under layers of sand and seabed. Pressure increased and oil was formed
35
What is acid rain?
When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide go up into the clouds and mix with water vapour, they form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, they then fall as acid rain.
36
3 effects of acid rain
Kills fish
Damages trees
Attacks limestone buildings
37
Explain the term pH scale
Indicates the acidity or basicity of a solution, it runs from 0 to 14.
38
2 lab acids and chemical names
Hydrochloric acid - HCl
| Sulphuric acid - H2SO4
39
2 lab bases
Sodium hydroxide- NaOH
| Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3
40
Acid + Base =
Salt + Water
41
Acid +carbonate=
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
42
An acid turns
Blue litmus paper red
43
A base turns
Red litmus paper blue
44
What is neutralization?
When an acid and a base react with each other and the solution is neutral
45
Zinc + Hydrochloric acid =
| And chemical equation
Zinc chloride and oxygen
| Zn + HCl = ZnCl2 + 02
46
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide =
| And chemical equation
Sodium chloride and water
| HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
47
What is force?
Something that causes a stationary object to move
48
What is friction?
A force that opposes the sliding motion of an object when in contact with another object with uneaten surfaces
49
What is lubrication?
Used to reduce the friction between two surfaces in contact
50
What is Hooke's law?
The extension of an elastic body (spring) is directly proportional to the force that is causing the extension
51
Explain 4 types of force
Gravity:pulls an object towards the earth
Magnetic force:causes objects to attract
Electric force:Can change charge of object eg. Rubbing pun on jumper, it can then pick up paper
Friction: opposes sliding motion with non-smooth surfaces
52
What is weight? (4 points)
- It is a force
- It is measured in Newtons
- Has a direction (earth)
- How much Gravity is pushing down on you
- In space you are weightless
53
What is mass? (4 points)
- What you are made up of
- Measured in Kilograms (Kg) or grams (g)
- Does not have a direction
- M = Density x Volume
- In space you still have mass
54
How to calculate pressure
Is equal to force over area
| P= F/A
55
3 units for pressure
N/ m2
N/cm2
Pa
56
What is pressure?
The amount of force acting on a unit of area
57
Pressure increases with
Depth
58
Pressure on top of a mountain is ________ than at sea level
Less
59
Air has mass
True
60
Air has volume and occupies space
True
61
4 effects of atmospheric pressure
- Balances our bodies pushing outwards
- Influences weather
- High AP= settled, dry weather
- Low AP = windy and rainy
62
Explain 3 ways to measure pressure
Pressure gauge: checks tyre pressure
Barometer: checks atmospheric pressure
Altimeter: Checks atmospheric pressure on aero plane to determine height
63
What is light?
A form of energy
64
What is the speed of light?
3 X 10 8 m/s
65
What does light travel in?
Straight lines
66
What can light not travel through?
Certain materials-opaque
67
What is a luminous object?
Eg.the sun Something that makes and gives out its own light
68
What is a non-luminous object?
Something that reflects light from another source eg. A book
69
What is the 'dispersion of light'?
When white ought is split up into its 7 colors
70
7 colors if white light
Red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
71
What is the reflection of light ?
When light bounces off a plane or flat surface
72
What is the refraction of light?
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another
73
Explain 4 applications of refraction
Telescopes: lenses which allow distant objects to be seen
Microscopes:lenses which allow very small things to be seen
Prisms:used in binoculars and cameras
Contact lenses and spectacles: defective vision
74
How is light refracted with a converging (convex) lens?
Bends and converges to point
75
How is light refracted by a diverging (concave) lens
Bends and diverges outwards
76
What is a magnetic field?
The region around a magnet in which the magnetic force can be detected
77
What is a magnetic force?
The force of attraction/repulsion between magnets
78
2 shapes of magnets
Bar
| Horseshoe
79
Direction of magnetic field lines
North to South Pole
80
Magnetic materials
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Some of their alloys
81
How does a compass work?
The needle is a magnet.The north arrow is a North Pole and is attracted to magnetic south which is geographical north.
82
Function of the lining of the uterus
Prevents uterus walls from sticking together
