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Science-Emer > Summer Exam 2016 > Flashcards

Summer Exam 2016 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is puberty?

A

The age at which young people reach sexual maturity

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2
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

A series of changes that take place in the female body over 28 days

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3
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The release of an egg from an ovary

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4
Q

What is fertilization?

A

The fusion of an egg and a sperm to form a zygote

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5
Q

What is implantation?

A

The attachment of a zygote to the lining of the uterus, to form an embryo

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6
Q

What is pregnancy?

A

The carrying of offspring in the uterus

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7
Q

What is contraception?

A

The prevention of fertilization or pregnancy

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8
Q

Function of testes

A

Make sperm

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9
Q

Function of scrotum

A

Keeps testes at correct temperature

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10
Q

Function of sperm ducts

A

Carry sperm from testes to penis

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11
Q

Function of penis

A

Passes sperm into body of female

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12
Q

Function of ovaries

A

Produce eggs

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13
Q

Function of vagina

A

Sperm enters female body

Birth canal

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14
Q

Function of cervix

A

Where sperm passes through to reach egg

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15
Q

Function of uterus

A

Where baby develops

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16
Q

Function of Fallopian tubes

A

Transfer eggs from ovary to uterus

Where fertilization takes place

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17
Q

Days 1-5

A

Menstruation

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18
Q

Days 6-13

A

Lining of womb develops

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19
Q

Days 13-15

A

Ovulation

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20
Q

Days 15-28

A

Lining remains in place

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21
Q

Fertile period and why

A

Days 11-16 - sperm can live for 3 days and eggs can live for 2

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22
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

The Fallopian tubes

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23
Q

Function of amnion filled with amniotic fluid

A

Shock absorber; protects baby

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24
Q

Function of placenta

A

Allows material to passes between mother and baby;

  • From mother; oxygen and nutrients
  • From baby; waste
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25
Q

3 events before birth

A

Uterus contracts
Amnion bursts
Cervix widens

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26
Q

3 events after birth

A

Afterbirth is pushed out
Umbilical cord clamped and cut
Breasts produce milk

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27
Q

Forms of contraception

A

Avoid intercourse at certain times
Using a condom, a cap or chemicals to kill sperm
Surgery to close sperm ducts or Fallopian tubes

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28
Q

Where is sperm released?

A

The cervix

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29
Q

What is the fire triangle

A

Fuel + oxygen + heat

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30
Q

What are fossil fuels mainly made of?

A

Hydrogen

Carbon

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31
Q

What is made when fossil fuels are burned?

A

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

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32
Q

Equation for burning fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide and water vapour

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33
Q

How is coal formed?

A

Trees and ferns that died and were buried and compressed under swamps

34
Q

How is oil formed?

A

Animals and plants that lived in the sea and were buried under layers of sand and seabed. Pressure increased and oil was formed

35
Q

What is acid rain?

A

When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide go up into the clouds and mix with water vapour, they form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, they then fall as acid rain.

36
Q

3 effects of acid rain

A

Kills fish
Damages trees
Attacks limestone buildings

37
Q

Explain the term pH scale

A

Indicates the acidity or basicity of a solution, it runs from 0 to 14.

38
Q

2 lab acids and chemical names

A

Hydrochloric acid - HCl

Sulphuric acid - H2SO4

39
Q

2 lab bases

A

Sodium hydroxide- NaOH

Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3

40
Q

Acid + Base =

A

Salt + Water

41
Q

Acid +carbonate=

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

42
Q

An acid turns

A

Blue litmus paper red

43
Q

A base turns

A

Red litmus paper blue

44
Q

What is neutralization?

A

When an acid and a base react with each other and the solution is neutral

45
Q

Zinc + Hydrochloric acid =

And chemical equation

A

Zinc chloride and oxygen

Zn + HCl = ZnCl2 + 02

46
Q

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide =

And chemical equation

A

Sodium chloride and water

HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

47
Q

What is force?

A

Something that causes a stationary object to move

48
Q

What is friction?

A

A force that opposes the sliding motion of an object when in contact with another object with uneaten surfaces

49
Q

What is lubrication?

A

Used to reduce the friction between two surfaces in contact

50
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

The extension of an elastic body (spring) is directly proportional to the force that is causing the extension

51
Q

Explain 4 types of force

A

Gravity:pulls an object towards the earth
Magnetic force:causes objects to attract
Electric force:Can change charge of object eg. Rubbing pun on jumper, it can then pick up paper
Friction: opposes sliding motion with non-smooth surfaces

52
Q

What is weight? (4 points)

A
  • It is a force
  • It is measured in Newtons
  • Has a direction (earth)
  • How much Gravity is pushing down on you
  • In space you are weightless
53
Q

What is mass? (4 points)

A
  • What you are made up of
  • Measured in Kilograms (Kg) or grams (g)
  • Does not have a direction
  • M = Density x Volume
  • In space you still have mass
54
Q

How to calculate pressure

A

Is equal to force over area

P= F/A

55
Q

3 units for pressure

A

N/ m2
N/cm2
Pa

56
Q

What is pressure?

A

The amount of force acting on a unit of area

57
Q

Pressure increases with

A

Depth

58
Q

Pressure on top of a mountain is ________ than at sea level

A

Less

59
Q

Air has mass

A

True

60
Q

Air has volume and occupies space

A

True

61
Q

4 effects of atmospheric pressure

A
  • Balances our bodies pushing outwards
  • Influences weather
  • High AP= settled, dry weather
  • Low AP = windy and rainy
62
Q

Explain 3 ways to measure pressure

A

Pressure gauge: checks tyre pressure
Barometer: checks atmospheric pressure
Altimeter: Checks atmospheric pressure on aero plane to determine height

63
Q

What is light?

A

A form of energy

64
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3 X 10 8 m/s

65
Q

What does light travel in?

A

Straight lines

66
Q

What can light not travel through?

A

Certain materials-opaque

67
Q

What is a luminous object?

A

Eg.the sun Something that makes and gives out its own light

68
Q

What is a non-luminous object?

A

Something that reflects light from another source eg. A book

69
Q

What is the ‘dispersion of light’?

A

When white ought is split up into its 7 colors

70
Q

7 colors if white light

A

Red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

71
Q

What is the reflection of light ?

A

When light bounces off a plane or flat surface

72
Q

What is the refraction of light?

A

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another

73
Q

Explain 4 applications of refraction

A

Telescopes: lenses which allow distant objects to be seen
Microscopes:lenses which allow very small things to be seen
Prisms:used in binoculars and cameras
Contact lenses and spectacles: defective vision

74
Q

How is light refracted with a converging (convex) lens?

A

Bends and converges to point

75
Q

How is light refracted by a diverging (concave) lens

A

Bends and diverges outwards

76
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

The region around a magnet in which the magnetic force can be detected

77
Q

What is a magnetic force?

A

The force of attraction/repulsion between magnets

78
Q

2 shapes of magnets

A

Bar

Horseshoe

79
Q

Direction of magnetic field lines

A

North to South Pole

80
Q

Magnetic materials

A

Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Some of their alloys

81
Q

How does a compass work?

A

The needle is a magnet.The north arrow is a North Pole and is attracted to magnetic south which is geographical north.

82
Q

Function of the lining of the uterus

A

Prevents uterus walls from sticking together

Science-Emer (16 decks)

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