Summative Test 5/10 Flashcards
whats the broca’s area in charge of and where is it
the production of speech and in the front of the brain in the left hemisphere, right under the motor cortex
thalamus job
to manage movement and alertness, to filter what info comes in
hypothalamus job
to manage homeostasis
smaller than thalamus
what is the the mri
structural, hydrogen atoms, magnetic fields, loud and expensive, NON INVASIVE
what is the fmri
functional, monitors oxygen levels with a photo every 2 seconds, expensive and must be still
what is the ct
structural, xray, cheap but not detailed, radiation
what is the PET
functional, radioactive glucose injection, poor resolution
what are the structural scans
CT and MRi
what are the functional scans
PET and fMRI
what is in the forebrain
thalamus, hypothamalus and cerebral cortex
what does the midbrain include
the corpus callosum and the substantia nigra
what is in the hindbrain
pons, medulla and cerebellum
cerebral cortex
outer gray covering
how do the hemispheres control the body
the left hemisphere controls the right side and the right the left
medulla job
involuntary actions and basic living functions
pons
controls arousal and awakeness
cerebellum
voluntary motor movements and balance and coordination
substantia nigra
voluntary motor movements
RAS
reticular formation (activation system) that filters out unneeded information
what are the lobes
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
frontal lobe
personality, decision making, mediating behaviour
parietal lobe
spacial awareness
occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobe
hearing, half of Broca’s and Wernickes
primary motor cortex
voluntary motor movement
somatosensory cortex
process senses and touch
where is the wernickes and what does it do
at the back of the brain, language comprehension
left hemisphere
controls right side of body, language, logic, timing, rhythm
right hemisphere
controls left side of body, imagination, creativity, spacial awareness
two types of neural development
- adaptive plasticity
- developmental plasticity
adaptive plasticity
happens after birth
long-term potentiation
2 types: structure and functional changes
structural changes
of adapative plasticity
dendrites branching out + more receptors
axon branching
functional changes
more neurotransmitters produced and released
long term depression
occurs when a pathway hasn’t been used very often, becomes weaker over time
rerouting
healthy neurons nearby create alternative routes
sprouting
existing neurons form new axon terminals and dendrites to make new connections
developmental plasticity
internally programmed
before birth
types of ABIs
concussion, stroke, TBI and CTE
are tbis and ctes the same
NO CTE is a progressive and fatal brain disease associated with TBIs
concussion
a TBI caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth
stroke
an interruption of blood supply to the brain
blood clot OR narrowing of blood vessels
FAST
CTE
neurodegenerative
tau protein
atrophy
shrinkage of gray matter
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
aphasia
language disorder that’s caused by damage to the Broca’s or Wernicke’s area
broca = production, wernickes = expression
what’s a synapse composed of
- presynaptic neuron
- the synaptic gap
- the post synaptic neuron
how to maintain + maximise brain function
diet, mental stimulation, exercise
neurological disorders
nervous system disorders, such as epilepsy, parkinson’s, MS
biological effects of TBIs
hormone imbalances, headaches, sensory impairment, pain, sleep issues
psychological effects of TBIs
memory, anxiety, confusion
social effects of TBIs
lacking social skills, self isolation
