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VCE Psychology 1/2 > chapter 9 perception > Flashcards

chapter 9 perception Flashcards

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1
Q

what is attention?

A

a cognitive process allowing us to focus and filter out information

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2
Q

3 types of attention

A

sustained attention, selective attention and divided attention

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3
Q

what is sustained attention

A

high mental effort controlled cognitive processing, used with new stimuli, simple or complex tasks, hard to keep for a long time

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4
Q

what is selective attention

A

high mental effort controlled cognitive process, used with salient stimuli with others blocked out, for complex tasks, low risk for misperception

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5
Q

what is divided attention

A

little mental effort automatic cognitive processing, focusing on multiple stimuli across simple tasks, multitasking, performance decreases if one is harder

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6
Q

what do we use to process visual information?

A

top down and bottom up processing

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7
Q

what is top down processing

A

influenced by our schema – focus on the present with your perceptual set – prone to inaccuracies but time efficient

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8
Q

what is bottom up processing

A

focus on the present with the sensory info – accurate and used to make sense in unfamiliarity – takes more time and more cognitive effort

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9
Q

what do we use to process gustatory information?

A

top down and bottom up

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10
Q

what is top down gustatory processing

A

past experiences overpower the current experience

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11
Q

what is bottom up gustatory processing

A

current experience overpowers the past

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12
Q

what three things affect visual perception?

A

biological, social and psychological factors

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13
Q

2 types of biological factors

A

monocular and binocular depth cues

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14
Q

what are binocular depth cues

A

depth cues that require both eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth

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15
Q

2 types of binocular depth cues

A

convergence and retinal disparity

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16
Q

what is convergence

A

the inward turning of the eyes detected by the brain as tension in the muscles, which activates depth determination (inward is near, outward is far)

17
Q

what is retinal disparity

A

the brain detecting similarities & differences between info in the 6cm of distance between our eyes, can be used for up to 10m away

18
Q

what are monocular depth cues

A

depth cues that only require one eye to send information to the brain to perceive depth

19
Q

1 type of monocular depth cue

A

accomodation

20
Q

what is accomodation

A

it’s separate in both eyes, when the lens flattens (when an object is far away) or bulges (when object is closer)

21
Q

3 types of visual psychological factors

A

perceptual set, perceptual constancy and gestalt principles

22
Q

what is perceptual set?

A

the tendency go view things in a certain way due to a readiness to receive certain stimuli

23
Q

4 types of perceptual set

A

past experience (images of old places), memory (plane), motivation, context

24
Q

what is perceptual constancy?

A

a visual stimulus remaining constant even though the visual information send to the brain about the object shows it as constantly changing

25
Q

3 types of perceptual constancy

A

size constancy, shape constancy, orientation constancy

26
Q

what are gestalt principles

A

a set of principles that explain how we interpret visual information most efficiently by grouping individual elements together to perceive a whole object

27
Q

4 gestalt principles

A

figure-ground, closure, similarity, proximity

28
Q

what is figure ground?

A

tendency to see the figure separated from the less relevant background, separated by a contour line

29
Q

3 factors affecting gustatory perception

A

biological, psychological and social

30
Q

4 biological factors affecting gustatory

A

age, genetics, illness and pregnancy

31
Q

3 psychological factors affecting gustatory

A

past experiences, emotion, product packaging

32
Q

3 social factors affecting gustatory

A

food culture, historical experiences, songlines

VCE Psychology 1/2 (6 decks)

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