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Summary Of The New Testament Documents Flashcards

0
Q

Collectively, the Gospels tell the story of….

A

Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and the Messiah

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1
Q

“Gospel” is the Greek translation of….

A

“Euangelion” meaning good news

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2
Q

Synoptic Gospels

A 
Matthew
Mark
Luke
Share overlapping source material
Meaning they can be viewed "with one eye"
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3
Q

Which Gospel is unlike, the others?

A

John

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4
Q

Each of the Gospels was written with __________ in mind

A

A particular audience

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5
Q

Gospel of Matthew

A

28 chapters
The longest Gospel and was frequently quoted in early Christianity
According to church tradition, Matthew was written by Jesus’s apostle Matthew, the tax collector

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6
Q

Matthew’s audience and goal

A

Jesus Christians

To explain Jesus’s mission and their new faith as a fulfillment of Old Testament promises

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7
Q

7 sections of Matthew’s Gospel

A
  1. Infancy narrative, including birth and Magi (ch 1)
  2. Jesus’s proclamation of the Kingdom, the Sermon on the Mount (ch 3-7)
  3. Jesus’s ministry, mission, and miracles in Galilee (ch 8-11)
  4. Opposition from Israel (ch 11-13)
  5. Jesus, the Kingdom and the church, feeding 4,000 and transfiguration (ch 13-18)
  6. Ministry in Judea and Jerusalem and increased tension over “the judgement of nations (ch 19-25)
  7. Passion, death, and resurrection (ch 26-28)
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8
Q

Jesus talking about “the judgement of nations”

A

Matt ch 25

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9
Q

Gospel of Mark

A

16 chapters
Shortest Gospel
Likely the first one written and used as a source for Matthew and Luke

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10
Q

Mark’s audience and goal

A

Gentile Christians

To strengthen them against persecution

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11
Q

Mark stresses that…

A

God has broke into human history in the person of Jesus

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12
Q

Sections of Mark

A

(4 sections and 2 apparent endings)
1. Preparation of Jesus’s ministry and John the Baptist (ch. 1a)
2. The mystery of Jesus; signs, parables, death of John the Baptist (ch. 1b)
3. Mystery of Jesus revealed, transfigurations, predictions (ch. 8-9)
4. Full revelation, entry to Jerusalem, passion, death, and resurrection (ch. 9-16a)
Longer ending: post-resurrection and ascension (ch. 16b)

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13
Q

Gospel of Luke

A

24 chapters
Luke also wrote Acts to Theophilus
All about Jesus’s mercy and compassion
Concern for women

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14
Q

Luke’s audience and goals

A

Gentiles

Emphasize Jesus’s compassion

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15
Q

8 sections of Luke

A
  1. Prologue (ch. 1a)
  2. Infancy narratives of Jesus and John the Baptist, Mary and Zechariah, shepherds (ch. 1b-2)
  3. Preparation for ministry, baptism, temptation (ch. 3-4a)
  4. Ministry in Galilee, call of apostles, transfiguration (ch. 4b-9a)
  5. Travel to Jerusalem (ch. 9b-19a)
  6. Cleanse of Temple, denouncing of Jewish authorities (ch. 19b-21)
  7. Passion, Last Supper, Peter’s denial, death, and burial (ch. 22-23)
  8. Resurrection, post-resurrection, ascension (ch. 24)
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16
Q

Gospel of John

A

21 chapters

Written last highly literary and symbolic

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17
Q

John’s audience and goals

A

For the community around the apostle John in Asia Minor

Stresses divinity of Jesus and a developed theology

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18
Q

“The beloved disciple”

A

John

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19
Q

4 sections of John

A
  1. Prologue: intros Jesus as the Word of God (ch. 1a)
  2. Book of Signs: wedding at Cana, raising Lazarus, entry to Jerusalem (ch. 1a-12)
  3. The Book of Glory: Last Supper, trial, death, burial, post-resurrection (ch. 13-20)
  4. Epilogue: post-resurrection in Galilee (ch. 21)
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20
Q

Acts of the Apostles

A 
28 chapters
By Luke, sequel to Luke's Gospel 
For Theophilus 
Details beginnings of Christianity in Jerusalem and Rome 
MVPs: Peter and Paul
21
Q

5 sections of Acts

A
  1. Preparation for Christian mission, Jesus’s ascension, Pentecost (ch. 1-2a)
  2. Mission in Jerusalem, speeches, trials, Stephen’s martyrdom (ch. 2b-8a)
  3. Mission in Judea and Samaria, Philip, Saul’s conversion, Peter’s healings (ch. 8b- 9)
  4. Start of mission of Gentiles (ch. 10-15a)
  5. Paul’s missions, arrests, and imprisonment in Rome (ch. 15b-28)
22
Q

In the canon, Paul’s letters are arranged by ______

A

Length

Romans➡️Philemon

23
Q

General format of Paul’s letters

A
  1. Greeting and prayer for the community
  2. Provide teaching and sometimes correction about Christian beliefs
  3. State his travel plans
  4. Conclude with more advice and farewell
24
Paul's longest and most influential letter
Romans
25
Paul's systematic unfolding of thought in Romans
1. Greeting and thanks (ch. 1a) 2. Humanity lost without Gospel, discuss circumcision (ch. 1b-3a) 3. Justification through faith (ch. 3b-5) 4. Teachings on freedom (ch. 6-8) 5. Jews and Gentiles in God's plan (ch. 9-11) 6. Duties of Christians (ch. 12-15a) 7. Conclusion, Paul refers to himself as the "apostle of the Gentiles," commends Phoebe, counsels against factions (ch. 15b-16)
26
I Corinthians
Answers questions about factionalism and sexual ethics
27
II Corinthians
``` Emotional Paul's most personal letter Reveals Paul's character Addresses crisis that followed the receipt of his first letter Defends his mission and discipleship ```
28
Galatians
Exhorts members of community in present-day Turkey to remain faithful to the Gospel and not be drawn back to observance of Jewish law by other missionaries
29
Letter to Ephesians
Deals with universal church more than just community in Asia Minor Traditionally believed to be written from prison (a "captivity letter") May be pseudoprigraphy 1. Unity of church 2. World mission of the church 3. Advice for relationships
30
Philippians
Possibly composite of 3 letters with only one extant letter Paul rejoicing
31
"Captivity letters"
Ephesians Philippians Colossians Philemon
32
Colossians
Paul had not visited Colossae | The church had problems because false teachings about Christ's relationship to the universe
33
I Thessalonians
Earliest of Paul's letters and work in New Testament | Urges converts to be faithful to the end
34
II Thessalonians
Possibly pseudoprigraphy | Attempt to correct errors arising from expectations of Christ's imminent return
35
Pastoral letters
I and II Timothy and Titus "Pastoral" because deal with work of a pastor in a caring community Possibly pseudoprigraphies
36
II Timothy v. I Timothy
II Timothy is more personal
37
Philemon
Shortest Seeks favor for slave Onesimus (who was converted by Paul) who ran away from his master Calls for him to be welcomed back as brother, not slave
38
Hebrews
More of a treatise than a letter No author, but traditionally considered Pauline "Message of encouragement" Addressed to Christians in danger or abandoning their faith because of weariness of demands of Christian life (not because of persecution) Main theme: priesthood and sacrifice of Jesus
39
Catholic letters
``` Title comes from the theme that they are written to the Church at large James I and II Peter I, II, and III John Jude ```
40
James
James was not an apostle but referred to as the "brother of the Lord" Led first Christian community in Jerusalem Almost exclusively ethical
41
I Peter
Blend of moral exhortation and catechesis (religious instruction for baptism/conversion) Attributed to Peter but possibly by After Greek writer because mention of persecution Written to "chosen sojourners of the dispersion"
42
II Peter
Author claims to have been present at transfiguration Same audience as in I Peter Goal: strengthen faith and warn against false teachers
43
I John
Attributed to John because similar to John's Gospel Emphasizes doctrinal teaching More of a treatise than a letter Aims to correct false ideas in the current community
44
II John
Author: "presbyter" (elder) in Johannine community Addressed to "chosen lady and her children" Urges them to continue following the commandment to love one another and to reject false teachings about the incarnation and death of Christ
45
III John
Author: "presbyter" (elder) in Johannine community Offers glimpse of how early church leaders interacted Commends Gaius for hospitality Calls out Diotrephes for not responding to his letters
46
Jude
Author: "Jude, a slave of Jesus Christ and brother of James" Addressed to all Christians Main focus: warning against false teachers Ends with doxology (hymn of praise)
47
Revelation
Difficult final book of the New Testament Full of fantastical imagery Known as the Apocalypse like Old Testament Daniel and other apocalyptic writings Composed as resistance literature to meet a crisis (probably persecution of the early church by Roman authorities)
48
In Revelation, Babylon=
Symbol for pagan Rome
49
About author of Revelation
Because of grammar and style differences, scholars think that the John of Revelation is the same John who wrote the Gospel or "John the presbyter"
50
7 sections of Revelation
1. Prologue 2. Letters to the 7 churches of Asia 3. God and the Lamb in heaven 4. The 7 seals, trumpets, and plagues 5. Punishment of Babylon and destruction of pagan nations 6. New creation and new Jerusalem 7. Epilogue with warnings and exhortations
51
John 1
Early credal statement | Word was with God and the Word was God

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