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Christian Scriptures > Summary Of The New Testament Documents > Flashcards

Summary Of The New Testament Documents Flashcards

0
Q

Collectively, the Gospels tell the story of….

A

Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and the Messiah

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1
Q

“Gospel” is the Greek translation of….

A

“Euangelion” meaning good news

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2
Q

Synoptic Gospels

A 
Matthew
Mark
Luke
Share overlapping source material
Meaning they can be viewed "with one eye"
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3
Q

Which Gospel is unlike, the others?

A

John

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4
Q

Each of the Gospels was written with __________ in mind

A

A particular audience

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5
Q

Gospel of Matthew

A

28 chapters
The longest Gospel and was frequently quoted in early Christianity
According to church tradition, Matthew was written by Jesus’s apostle Matthew, the tax collector

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6
Q

Matthew’s audience and goal

A

Jesus Christians

To explain Jesus’s mission and their new faith as a fulfillment of Old Testament promises

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7
Q

7 sections of Matthew’s Gospel

A
  1. Infancy narrative, including birth and Magi (ch 1)
  2. Jesus’s proclamation of the Kingdom, the Sermon on the Mount (ch 3-7)
  3. Jesus’s ministry, mission, and miracles in Galilee (ch 8-11)
  4. Opposition from Israel (ch 11-13)
  5. Jesus, the Kingdom and the church, feeding 4,000 and transfiguration (ch 13-18)
  6. Ministry in Judea and Jerusalem and increased tension over “the judgement of nations (ch 19-25)
  7. Passion, death, and resurrection (ch 26-28)
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8
Q

Jesus talking about “the judgement of nations”

A

Matt ch 25

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9
Q

Gospel of Mark

A

16 chapters
Shortest Gospel
Likely the first one written and used as a source for Matthew and Luke

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10
Q

Mark’s audience and goal

A

Gentile Christians

To strengthen them against persecution

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11
Q

Mark stresses that…

A

God has broke into human history in the person of Jesus

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12
Q

Sections of Mark

A

(4 sections and 2 apparent endings)
1. Preparation of Jesus’s ministry and John the Baptist (ch. 1a)
2. The mystery of Jesus; signs, parables, death of John the Baptist (ch. 1b)
3. Mystery of Jesus revealed, transfigurations, predictions (ch. 8-9)
4. Full revelation, entry to Jerusalem, passion, death, and resurrection (ch. 9-16a)
Longer ending: post-resurrection and ascension (ch. 16b)

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13
Q

Gospel of Luke

A

24 chapters
Luke also wrote Acts to Theophilus
All about Jesus’s mercy and compassion
Concern for women

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14
Q

Luke’s audience and goals

A

Gentiles

Emphasize Jesus’s compassion

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15
Q

8 sections of Luke

A
  1. Prologue (ch. 1a)
  2. Infancy narratives of Jesus and John the Baptist, Mary and Zechariah, shepherds (ch. 1b-2)
  3. Preparation for ministry, baptism, temptation (ch. 3-4a)
  4. Ministry in Galilee, call of apostles, transfiguration (ch. 4b-9a)
  5. Travel to Jerusalem (ch. 9b-19a)
  6. Cleanse of Temple, denouncing of Jewish authorities (ch. 19b-21)
  7. Passion, Last Supper, Peter’s denial, death, and burial (ch. 22-23)
  8. Resurrection, post-resurrection, ascension (ch. 24)
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16
Q

Gospel of John

A

21 chapters

Written last highly literary and symbolic

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17
Q

John’s audience and goals

A

For the community around the apostle John in Asia Minor

Stresses divinity of Jesus and a developed theology

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18
Q

“The beloved disciple”

A

John

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19
Q

4 sections of John

A
  1. Prologue: intros Jesus as the Word of God (ch. 1a)
  2. Book of Signs: wedding at Cana, raising Lazarus, entry to Jerusalem (ch. 1a-12)
  3. The Book of Glory: Last Supper, trial, death, burial, post-resurrection (ch. 13-20)
  4. Epilogue: post-resurrection in Galilee (ch. 21)
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20
Q

Acts of the Apostles

A 
28 chapters
By Luke, sequel to Luke's Gospel 
For Theophilus 
Details beginnings of Christianity in Jerusalem and Rome 
MVPs: Peter and Paul
21
Q

5 sections of Acts

A
  1. Preparation for Christian mission, Jesus’s ascension, Pentecost (ch. 1-2a)
  2. Mission in Jerusalem, speeches, trials, Stephen’s martyrdom (ch. 2b-8a)
  3. Mission in Judea and Samaria, Philip, Saul’s conversion, Peter’s healings (ch. 8b- 9)
  4. Start of mission of Gentiles (ch. 10-15a)
  5. Paul’s missions, arrests, and imprisonment in Rome (ch. 15b-28)
22
Q

In the canon, Paul’s letters are arranged by ______

A

Length

Romans➡️Philemon

23
Q

General format of Paul’s letters

A
  1. Greeting and prayer for the community
  2. Provide teaching and sometimes correction about Christian beliefs
  3. State his travel plans
  4. Conclude with more advice and farewell
24
Q

Paul’s longest and most influential letter

A

Romans

25
Q

Paul’s systematic unfolding of thought in Romans

A
  1. Greeting and thanks (ch. 1a)
  2. Humanity lost without Gospel, discuss circumcision (ch. 1b-3a)
  3. Justification through faith (ch. 3b-5)
  4. Teachings on freedom (ch. 6-8)
  5. Jews and Gentiles in God’s plan (ch. 9-11)
  6. Duties of Christians (ch. 12-15a)
  7. Conclusion, Paul refers to himself as the “apostle of the Gentiles,” commends Phoebe, counsels against factions (ch. 15b-16)
26
Q

I Corinthians

A

Answers questions about factionalism and sexual ethics

27
Q

II Corinthians

A 
Emotional 
Paul's most personal letter 
Reveals Paul's character 
Addresses crisis that followed the receipt of his first letter 
Defends his mission and discipleship
28
Q

Galatians

A

Exhorts members of community in present-day Turkey to remain faithful to the Gospel and not be drawn back to observance of Jewish law by other missionaries

29
Q

Letter to Ephesians

A

Deals with universal church more than just community in Asia Minor
Traditionally believed to be written from prison (a “captivity letter”)
May be pseudoprigraphy
1. Unity of church
2. World mission of the church
3. Advice for relationships

30
Q

Philippians

A

Possibly composite of 3 letters with only one extant letter
Paul rejoicing

31
Q

“Captivity letters”

A

Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
Philemon

32
Q

Colossians

A

Paul had not visited Colossae

The church had problems because false teachings about Christ’s relationship to the universe

33
Q

I Thessalonians

A

Earliest of Paul’s letters and work in New Testament

Urges converts to be faithful to the end

34
Q

II Thessalonians

A

Possibly pseudoprigraphy

Attempt to correct errors arising from expectations of Christ’s imminent return

35
Q

Pastoral letters

A

I and II Timothy and Titus
“Pastoral” because deal with work of a pastor in a caring community
Possibly pseudoprigraphies

36
Q

II Timothy v. I Timothy

A

II Timothy is more personal

37
Q

Philemon

A

Shortest
Seeks favor for slave Onesimus (who was converted by Paul) who ran away from his master
Calls for him to be welcomed back as brother, not slave

38
Q

Hebrews

A

More of a treatise than a letter
No author, but traditionally considered Pauline
“Message of encouragement”
Addressed to Christians in danger or abandoning their faith because of weariness of demands of Christian life (not because of persecution)
Main theme: priesthood and sacrifice of Jesus

39
Q

Catholic letters

A 
Title comes from the theme that they are written to the Church at large 
James 
I and II Peter 
I, II, and III John
Jude
40
Q

James

A

James was not an apostle but referred to as the “brother of the Lord”
Led first Christian community in Jerusalem
Almost exclusively ethical

41
Q

I Peter

A

Blend of moral exhortation and catechesis (religious instruction for baptism/conversion)
Attributed to Peter but possibly by
After Greek writer because mention of persecution
Written to “chosen sojourners of the dispersion”

42
Q

II Peter

A

Author claims to have been present at transfiguration
Same audience as in I Peter
Goal: strengthen faith and warn against false teachers

43
Q

I John

A

Attributed to John because similar to John’s Gospel
Emphasizes doctrinal teaching
More of a treatise than a letter
Aims to correct false ideas in the current community

44
Q

II John

A

Author: “presbyter” (elder) in Johannine community
Addressed to “chosen lady and her children”
Urges them to continue following the commandment to love one another and to reject false teachings about the incarnation and death of Christ

45
Q

III John

A

Author: “presbyter” (elder) in Johannine community
Offers glimpse of how early church leaders interacted
Commends Gaius for hospitality
Calls out Diotrephes for not responding to his letters

46
Q

Jude

A

Author: “Jude, a slave of Jesus Christ and brother of James”
Addressed to all Christians
Main focus: warning against false teachers
Ends with doxology (hymn of praise)

47
Q

Revelation

A

Difficult final book of the New Testament
Full of fantastical imagery
Known as the Apocalypse like Old Testament Daniel and other apocalyptic writings
Composed as resistance literature to meet a crisis (probably persecution of the early church by Roman authorities)

48
Q

In Revelation, Babylon=

A

Symbol for pagan Rome

49
Q

About author of Revelation

A

Because of grammar and style differences, scholars think that the John of Revelation is the same John who wrote the Gospel or “John the presbyter”

50
Q

7 sections of Revelation

A
  1. Prologue
  2. Letters to the 7 churches of Asia
  3. God and the Lamb in heaven
  4. The 7 seals, trumpets, and plagues
  5. Punishment of Babylon and destruction of pagan nations
  6. New creation and new Jerusalem
  7. Epilogue with warnings and exhortations
51
Q

John 1

A

Early credal statement

Word was with God and the Word was God

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