New Testament Flashcards by Mel Leece

Change in history at New Testament

Exile
Shift in political powers
Jewish id is fragmented
Lacks cohesiveness of Abraham’s line in Old Testament

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New Testament shows a change from ______/______ religion to ________ religion

Temple/land

Book

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2nd temple period is also known as the….

Hellenistic era

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2nd temple period namesake

2nd temple in Jerusalem destroyed in 70AD and 135 AD

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Hellenistic namesake

Greeky influence

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Hellenistic v. Helenic

Hellenistic= Greeky, converse 
Hellenic= Greek, bow tie

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Sources for understanding 2nd Temple Period

Apocrypha
Pseudepigrapha
Dead Sea Scrolls
Philo of Alexandria
Josephus

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Apocrypha

"Hidden" 
15 books 
Catholics consider it to be part of canon
1st Maccabees 
Apocalyptic, prayers/psalms, testaments

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New Testament “testament”

Like Deuteronomy
Rehearsal of law
Last major statement

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Pseudepigrapha

"False writings"
False in terms of attribution to authors 
Jewish writing in name of dead Jews
Everyone know it 
Social commentaries

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MVP of Pseudepigrapha and why

Enoch

Because ascended into heaven mysteriously

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What Pseudepigrapha contains

Apocalypse
Expansions of bible
Testaments
A little bible interpretation

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Importance of biblical interpretations

Bible becomes object of reflection

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Dead Sea scrolls

Contemporary with time of Jesus
Found in cave, sold on black market (many not translated)
Influenced 1947 war/Israel’s independence

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Types of documents in Dead Sea scrolls

Biblical texts (1st collection)
Bible interpretation (“pesharim”): authors give, calls to action, salvation only for God’s people
Community rules
Apocalypses

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What Jews believe was key to Old Testament

Bible interpretation

“Peshar exegesis”

Philo of Alexandria

Wrote commentaries of best of Greek and Jewish cultures

Josephus

History of Jews from creation to contemporary

He was hired by Romans so from roman point of view

Best resource for understanding 2nd Temple Period

Josephus

Cyrus

Called “messiah” in Old Testament
Messiah= anointed one
Let Jews go home

530BCE

Jews rebuild temple after Cyrus lets them go home

Reconstitute temple ways

Battle of Gaugamela

331BCE
Alex the G beats Persia for good
Macedonians (Greek hipsters) own everything from Greece to India to North Africa

323BCE

Alex the G dies
Generals divide kingdom in four
- equals world turmoil
- Ptolemis and Selucids fight over Israel until 167BCE

Alex the G’s goal befor death

Est. “City of the world” in Babylon

167BCE

Jews fed up with purity movement Mad someone else (Seleucid King, Antiochus Epiphanese IV) was determining their fate Political and celestial powers v. Israel

Antiochus Epiphanese IV

Seleucid King Believed he was god Stole Jewish gold Spread pigs blood on temple defeated in 167 by judas macabaes

Hamonean kingdom

Est. By Judas macabaes Core value= purity Gave Jews political autonomy for about 100yrs

63BCE

Romans ruin the Independence Party Focused all religion symbols at Septomonia Est. Border kingdom by Palestine with mercenary troops in control Est. Pax Romana

Pax Romana

Immunity for roman citizens out of fear of Rome's power

Main source/cause of roman power

Ability to administrate (Alex the G could not) Big brother Good cities could report to senator/first man of Rome/Caesar

Roman engineering

``` Aqueducts Roads with drain system Bath houses/hot water Sewage systems Postal system (because roads and communication) ```

70AD

Jews fail to kick out Romans | Romans destroy temple

MVP symbol of roman power

Crucifixion

Alex the G's influences

1. First multiculturalist 2. Myopic about religion (wanted to #integrate all religions into 1) 3. Wanted 1 government 4. Imposed 1 language (koine)