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LMSW Exam > Summary of DSM-5 Disorders > Flashcards

Summary of DSM-5 Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disability (Intellctual Developmental Disorder)

A

-Required an assessment of both bognitive capacity (IQ) and adaptive functioning

-Severity is determined by adaptive functioning rather than IQ score

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2
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Communication Disorders

A

-DSM-5 communication disorders: language disorder (which combines expressive and mixed receptive-expressive language disorders; speech sound disorder

-Stuttering is replaced by childhood-onset fluency disorder

-Social (pragmatic) communication disorder is a new diagnosis for difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication

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3
Q

Communication Disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

-Autism spectrum disorder is a new DSM-5 name that combines four previously separate disorders

-ASD is a single condition with different levels of symptom severity

-ASD includes autism, Aspergers disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder

-Deficits in social communication and social interaction, restricted repetitive behaviors, (RRBs) interested, and activities; because both components are required for diagnosis of ASD, social communication disorder is diagnosed if no RRBs are present

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4
Q

Communication Disorders: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A

-The diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in DSM-5 are similar to those in DSM-IV

-The onset criterion has been changed from “symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7 years” to “several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12”

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5
Q

Communication Disorders: Specific Learning Disorder

A

specific learning disorder combines the DSM-IV diagnoses of reading disorder, mathematics disorder, disorder of written expression, and learning disorder not otherwise specified

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6
Q

Communication Disorders: Motor Disorders

A

motor disorders included in the DSM-5 among neurodevelopmental disorders: developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, Tourette’s disorder, persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specified tic disorder, and unspecified tic disorder

the tic criteria have been standardized across all of these disorders

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7
Q

What’re the two changes to schizophrenia in the DSM-IV criterion?

A

-Elimination of the special attribution of bizarre delusions and Schneiderian first-rank auditory hallucinations

-Addition of a requirement in Criterion A; the individual must have at least one of these three symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech

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8
Q

Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia Subtypes

A

the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia are eliminated

a dimensional approach to rating severity for the core symptoms of schizophrenia is included to capture the important heterogeneity in symptom type and severity

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9
Q

Schizophrenia: Schizoaffective Disorder

A

schizoaffective disorder requires that a major mood episode be present for a majority of the disorder’s total duration

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10
Q

Schizophrenia: Delusional Disorder

A

criterion A for delusional disorder no longer has the requirement that the delusions must be non-bizarre

the specifier for bizarre type delusions provides continuity with DSM-IV

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11
Q

Schizophrenia: Catatonia

A

in DSM-5, three catatonic symptoms are required (from a total of 12 characteristic symptoms)

in DSM-5, catatonia may be diagnosed as a specifier for depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders; as a separate diagnosis in the context of another medical condition; or as another specified diagnosis

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12
Q

Bipolar and Related Disorders: Bipolar Disorder

A

criterion A for manic and hypomanic episodes now includes an emphasis on changes in activity and energy as well as mood

a new specifier, “with mixed features,” has been added that can be applied to episodes of mania or hypomania when depressive features are present, and to episodes of depression in the context of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder when features of mania/hypomania are present

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13
Q

Depressive Disorders: New Definitions

A

-There are new depressive disorders in DSM-5, including disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

-To address concerns about potential over diagnosis and overtreatment of bipolar disorder in children, a new diagnosisis included for children up to age 18 years who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol

-Dysthymia in DSM-IV now falls under the category of persistent depressive disorder, which includes both chronic major depressive disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder

-

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14
Q

Depressive Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder

A

-Neither the core criterion symptoms applied to the diagnosis of major depressive episode nore the requisite duration of at least 2 weeks has changed from DSM-IV

-Criterion A for a major depressive episode in DSM-5 is identical to that of DSM-IV, as is the requirement for clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of life

-In DSM-IV, there was an exclusion criterion for a major depressive episode that was applied to depressive symptoms lasting less than 2 months following the death of a loved one (omitted in DSM-5)

-Suicidality represents a critical concern, clinicians are given guidance on assessment of suicidal thinking, plans, and the presence of other risk factors in order to make a determination of the prominence of suicide prevention in treatment planning for a given individual

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15
Q

Anxiety Disorders: DSM-5 Changes

A

no longer includes obsessive-compulsive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder

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16
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, and Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A

deletion of the requirement that individuals over age 18 years recognize that their anxiety is excessive or unreasonable

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17
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Panic Attack

A

description of different types of panic attacks is replace with terms unexpected and expected panic attacks

panic is now a specifier that is applicable to all DSM-5 disorders

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18
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

A

panic disorder and agoraphobia are unlinked in DSM-5; thus, the former DSM-IV diagnoses of panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, and agoraphobia without history of panic disorder are now replaced by two diagnoses, panic disorder and agoraphobia

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19
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Specific Phobia

A

no longer a requirement that individuals over age 18 years must recognize that their fear and anxiety are excessive or unreasonable, and the duration requirement remained unchanged

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20
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A

deletion of the requirement that individuals over age 18 years must recognize that their fear or anxiety is excessive or unreasonable duration criterion of “typically lasting for 6 months or more: is now require for all ages

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21
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

classified as an anxiety disorder; modifications represent the expression of separation anxiety symptoms included in adulthood

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22
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Selective Mutism

A

classified as an anxiety disorder given that a large majority of children with selective mutism are anxious

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23
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Changes

A

new disorders include hoarding disorder, excoriation (skin-picking) disorder, substance-/medication-induced obsessive compulsive and related disorder, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition

diagnosis of trichotillmania is now termed trichotillomania and has been moved from a DSM-IV classification of impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified to obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5

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24
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Specifiers for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

A

“with poor insight” specifier for obsessive-compulsive disorder has been refined in DSM-5 to allow a distinction between individuals with good or fair insight, poor insight, and “absent insight/delusional” obsessive-compulsive disorder beliefs

analogous “insight” specifiers have been included for body dysmorphic disorder and hoarding disorder

specifiers are intended to improve differential diagnosis by emphasizing that individuals with these two disorders may present with a range of insight into their disorder-related beliefs, including absent insight/delusional symptoms

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25
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

diagnostic criterion include repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to preoccupations with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance has been added, consistent with data indicating the prevalence and importance of this symptom

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26
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Hoarding Disorder

A

lists hoarding as one of the possible symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and notes that extreme hoarding may occur in obsessive compulsive disorder

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27
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

A

exoriation disorder is newly added to DSM-5, with strong evidence for its diagnostic validity and clinical utility

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28
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

A

new categories for substance-/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder and for obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition

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29
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders: Other Specified and Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

A

-Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorder

-Obsessional Jealousy

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30
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Acute Stress Disorder

A

criterion requires indication of whether qualifying traumatic events were experienced directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly

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31
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Adjustment Disorders

A

reconceptualized as a heterogeneous array of stress-response syndromes that occur after exposure to a distressing (traumatic or nontraumatic) event, rather than as a residual category for individuals who exhibit clinically significant distress without meeting criteria for a more discrete disorder

32
Q

Trauma-and Stress-Related Disorders: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A

differs significantly from those in DSM-IV

the stressor criterion (Criterion A_ is more explicit with regard to how an individual experienced “traumatic” events

Criterion A2 has been eliminated

whereas there were three major symptom clusters in DSM-IV–re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and arousal–there are now four symptoms clusters in DSM-5, because the avoidance/numbing cluster is divided into two distinct clusters: avoidance and persistent negative emotional states

the final cluster–alterations in arousal and reactivity–retains most of the DSM-IV arousal symptoms

includes irritable or aggressive behavior and reckless or self-destructive behavior

posttraumatic stress disorder is now developmentally sensitive in that diagnostic thresholds have been lowered for children and adolescents

separate criteria have been added for children 6 years or younger

33
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Reactive Attachment Disorder

A

subtypes are defined as distinct disorders: reactive attachment disorders and disinhibited social engagement disorder

both of these disorders are the result of social neglect or other situations that limit a young child’s opportunity to form selective attachments

34
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Dissociative Disorders

A

-Derealization is included in the name and symptom structure of what previously was called depersonalization disorder and is now called depersonalization/derealization disorder

-Dissociative fugue is now a specifier of dissociative amnesia rather than a separate diagnosis

-The criteria for dissociative identity disorder have been changed to indicate that symptoms fo disruption of identity may be reported as well as observed, and that gaps in recall of events may occur for everyday and not just traumatic events

-Experiences of pathological possession in some cultures are included in the description of identity disruption

35
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

-Criterion A has been expanded to include certain possession-form phenomena and functional neurological symptoms to account for more diverse presentations of the disorder

-Criterion A now specifically states that transitions in identity may be observable by others or self-reported

-Criterion B, individuals with dissociative identity disorder may have recurrent gaps in recall for everyday events, not just for traumatic experiences

-Other text modifications clarify the nature and course of identity disruptions

36
Q

Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders: Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders

A

-Primarily seen in medical settings, and non-psychiatric physicians found the DSM-IV somatoform diagnoses problematic to apply

-The DSM-5 classification reduces the number of these disorders and subcategories to avoid problematic overlap

-Diagnoses of somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform disorder have been removed

37
Q

Trauma-and Stress-Related Disorders: Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

-Individuals with somatic symptoms plus abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors may or may not have a diagnosed medical condition

-The relationship between somatic symptoms and psychopathology exists along a spectrum

-The diagnosis of somatization disorder was based on a long and complex symptom count of medically unexplained symptoms

-Individuals previously diagnosed with somatization disorders will usually meet DSM-5 criteria for somatic symptoms disorder, but only if they have the maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that define disorder, in addition to their somatic symtpoms

38
Q

Trauma-and Stress-Related Disorders: Hypochondriasis and Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

-Eliminated as a disorder, in part because the name was perceived as pejorative and not conductive to an effective therapeutic relationship

-Most individuals who would previously have been diagnosed with hypochondriasis have significant somatic symptoms in addition to their high health anxiety, and would not receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of somatic symptoms disorder

39
Q

Trauma-and Stress-Related Disorders: Pain Disorder

A

some individual with chronic pain would be appropriately diagnosed as having somatic symptom disorder, with predominant pain; for other psychological factors affecting other medical conditions or an adjustment disorder would be more appropriate

40
Q

Feeding and Eating Disorders: Pica and Rumination Disorder

A

revised to indicate that the diagnoses can be made for individuals of any age

41
Q

Feeding and Eating Disorders: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

A

renamed avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and the criteria have changed

42
Q

Feeding and Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa

A

core diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa are conceptually unchanged from DSM-IV with one exception: the requirement for amenorrhea has been eliminated

individuals with this disorder are at a significantly low body weight for their developmental stage

43
Q

Feeding and Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa

A

the only change to the DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa is a reduction in the required minimum average frequency of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior frequency from twice to once weekly

44
Q

Feeding and Eating Disorders: Binge-Eating Disorder

A

only significant difference from the preliminary DSM-IV criteria is that the minimum average frequency of binge eating required for diagnosis has been changed from at least twice weekly for 6 months to at least once weekly over the last 3 months, which is identical to the DSM-5 frequency criterion for bulimia nervosa

45
Q

Sleep-Wake Disorders: DSM Changes

A

primary insomnia has been renamed insomnia disorder to avoid the differentiation of primary and secondary insomnia

distinguishes narcolepsy, which is known to be associated with hypocretin deficiency, from other forms of hypersomnolence presentation

46
Q

Sleep-Wake Disorders: Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

A

breathing-related sleep disorders are divided into three relatively distinct disorders: obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea, central sleep apnea, and sleep-related hypoventilation

47
Q

Sleep-Wake Disorders: Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

A

subtypes of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders have been expanded to include advanced sleep phase syndrome, irregular sleep-wake type, and non-24-hour sleep-wake type, whereas the jet lag type has been removed

48
Q

Sleep-Wake Disorders: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome

A

the use of DSM-IV “not otherwise specified” diagnoses has been reduced by designating rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and restless legs syndrome as independent disorders

49
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions: DSM Changes

A

-Sexual response is not always linear, uniform process and that the distinction between certain phases may be artificial

-DSM-5, gender-specific sexual dysfunctions have been added, and, for females, sexual desire and arousal disorders have been combined into one disorder: female sexual interest/arousal disorder

-Require minimum duration of approximately 6 months

50
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions: Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A

new in DSM-5 and represents a merging of the DSM-IV categories of vaginismus and dyspareunia

51
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions: Subtypes of Sexual Dysfunctions

A

includes only lifelong versus acquired and generalized versus situational subtypes

to indicate the presence and degree of medical and nonmedical correlates, the following associated features are described in the accompanying text: partner factors, relationship factors, individual vulnerability factors, cultural or religious factors, and medical factors

52
Q

Subtypes of Sexual Dysfunction: Gender Dysphoria

A

new diagnostic class in DSM-5 and reflects a change in conceptualization of the disorder’s defining features by emphasizing the phenomenon of “gender incongruence” rather than cross-gender identification per se, as was the case in DSM-IV gender identity disorder

53
Q

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: DSM Changes

A

brings together disorders that were previously included in the chapter “Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence

54
Q

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

symptoms are now groups into three types: angry/irritable mood, argumentative.defiant behavior, and vindictiveness

this changes highlights that the disorder reflects both the emotional and behavioral symptomatology

exclusion criteria for conduct disorder has been removed and a severity rating has been added

55
Q

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Conduct Disorder

A

-Descriptive features specifier has been added for individuals presenting with limited prosocial emotions; the specifier applies to those with conduct disorder and who show a callous and unemotional interpersonal style across multiple settings and relationships

-Individuals with conduct disorder who meet criteria for the specifier tend to have a relatively more severe form of the disorder and a different treatment response

56
Q

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Intermittent Explosive Disorder

A

-Primary change is that verbal aggressive outbursts should be considered along with physical aggression

-Verbal aggression and non destructive/noninjurous physical aggression also meet criteria in DSM-5

-Specifies that aggressive outbursts are impulsive and/or anger based in nature, and must cause marked distress, causing impairment in occupational or interpersonal functioning, or be associated with negative financial or legal consequences

-A minimum age of 6 years (or equivalent developmental level) is now required

57
Q

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders/Gambling Disorder: Criteria and Terminology

A

-DSM-5 does not separate the diagnoses of substance abuse and dependence as in DSM-IV

-Criteria are provided for substance use disorder, accompanied by criteria for intoxication, withdrawal, substance/medication-induced disorders, and unspecified substance-induced disorders, where relevant

-Recurrent legal problems criterion for substance abuse has been deleted from DSM-5, and a new criterion, craving or a strong desire or urge to use a substance, has been added

-The threshold for substance use disorder diagnosis in DSM-5 is set at two or more criteria, in contrast to a threshold of one or more criteria for a diagnosis of DSM-IV substance abuse and three or more for DSM-IV substance dependence

-Cannabis withdrawal is new for DSM-5 as is caffeine withdrawal DSM-5; tobacco use disorders are the same as those four other substance use disorders

-Severity of the DSM-5 substance use disorders is based on the number of criteria endorsed: 2-3 criteria indicate a mild disorder; 4-5 criteria, a moderate disorder; and 6 or more, a severe disorder; the DSM-IVTR specifier for a physiological subtype has been eliminated in DSM-5, as has the DSM-IVTR diagnosis of polysubstance dependence

58
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders: Delirium

A

-Transient, usually reversible, cause of cerebral dysfunction and manifests clinically with a wide range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities

-It can occur at any age, but it occurs more commonly in patients who are elderly and have compromised mental status

-Diagnostic criteria is disturbance in attention and awareness, change in cognition that is not better accounted for by a preexisting, established, or evolving dementia

-The disturbance develops over a short period and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day

-There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is caused by a direct physiologic consequence of a general medical condition, an intoxicating substance, medication use, or more than one cause

59
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders: Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A

-Dementia and amnestic disorder are included under the newly named entity major neurocognitive disorder (NCD)

-The term dementia is not precluded from use in the etiological subtypes where that term is standard

-DSM-5 recognizes a less severe level of cognitive impairment, mild NCD

-Diagnostic criteria are provided for both major NCD and mild NCD, followed by diagnostic criteria for the different etiological subtypes

-An updated listing of neurocignituve domains is also provided in DSM-5, as these are necessary for establishing the presence of NCD, distinguishing between the major and mild levels of impairment, and differentiating among etioloigcal subtypes

-An updated listing of neurocognitive domains is also provided in DSM-5, as these are necessary for establishing the presence of NCD, distinguishing between the major and mild levels of impairment, and differentiating among etiological subtypes

60
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders: Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

A

modest cognitive decline in one or more domains which do not interfere with independence

61
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders: Major Neurocognitive Disorders

A

significant cognitive decline in one or more domains which interference with independence

62
Q

Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders: Subtypes

A

-In DSM-IV, individual criteria sets were designed for dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, vascular dementia, and substance-induced dementia, whereas the other neurodegenerative disorders were classified as dementia due to another medical condition, with HIV, head trauma, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Pick’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and othe medical conditions specified

-In DSM-5, major or mild vascular NCD and major or mild NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease have been retained, whereas new separate criteria are now presented for major or mild NCD due to frontotemporal NCD, Lewy bodies, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, HIV infection, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, another medical condition, and multiple etiologies

-Substance/medication-induced NCD and unspecified NCD are also included as diagnoses

63
Q

Personality Disorders: DSM Changes

A

-The criteria for personality disorders in DSM-5 have not changed from those in DSM-IVTR

-The four defining features of personality disorders are: distorted thinking patterns, problematic emotional responses, over-or-under-regulated impulse control, and interpersonal difficulties

-A person must demonstrate significant and enduring difficulties in at least two of those four areas

-Personality disorders are not usually diagnosed in children because of the requirement that personality disorders represent enduring problems across time

-These four key features combine in various ways to form ten specific personality disorders identified in DSM-5

-The symptoms must cause functional impairment and/or subjective distress; this means the symptoms are distressing to the person with the disorder and/or the symptoms make it difficult for them to function well in society

64
Q

Personality Disorders: Cluster A

A

-Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders

-Called the odd, eccentric cluster

-Includes Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders

-The common features of the personality disorders in this cluster are social awkwardness and social withdrawal

-These disorders are dominated by distorted thinking

65
Q

Cluster A: The Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

-Characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of other people

-People with this disorder assume that others are out to harm them, take advantage of them, or humiliate them in some way

-They put a lot of effort into protecting themselves and keeping their distance from others

-They are known to preemptively attack other whom they feel threatened by

-They tend to hold grudges, are litigious, and display pathological jealousy

-Distorted thinking is evident

-Their perception of the environment includes reading malevolent intentions into genuinely harmless, innocuous comments or behavior, and swelling on past slights

-They do not confide in other and do not allow themselves to develop close relationships

-Their emotional life tends to be dominated by distrust and hostility

66
Q

Cluster A: The Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

-Pervasive pattern of social detachment and a restricted range of emotional expression

-Tend to be socially isolated

-Don’t seem to seek out or enjoy close relationships

-Prefer abstract or mechanical activities that involve little human interaction and appear indifferent to both criticism and praise

-May be oblivious to social nuance and social cues causing them to appear socially inept and superficial

-Their restricted emotional range and failure to reciprocate gestures or facial expressions (such as smiles or nods of agreement) cause them to appear rather dull, bland, or inattentive

-Appears to rather rare

67
Q

Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

-Pattern of social and interpersonal limitations

-Experience acute discomfort in social settings and have a reduced capacity for close relationships

-Experience perceptual and cognitive distortions and/or eccentric behavior

-Perceptual abnormalities may include noticing flashes of light no one else can see, or seeing objects or shadows in the corner of their eyes and then realizing that nothing is there

-Have odd beliefs and fantasies are inconsistent with cultural norms

-Tend to be found more frequently in families where someone has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia; a severe mental disorder with the defining feature of psychosis

-There is some indication that these two distinct disorders share genetic commonalities

68
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorder: DSM Changes

A

-Dramatic, emotional, and erratic cluster; it includes Borderline Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder

-Share problems with impulse control and emotional regulation

69
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders: Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

-Pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of other people that often manifests as hostility and/or aggression

-Deceit and manipulation are also central features

-Hostile-aggressive and deceitful behaviors may first appear during childhood

-These children may hurt or torment animals or people and engage in hostile acts such as bullying or intimidating others

-May have a reckless disregard for property such as setting fires

-Often engage in deceit, theft, and other serious violations of standard rules of conduct (conduct disorder may be an appropriate diagnosis in this case since it is considered a precursor to antisocial personality disorder)

-Often place themselves in dangerous or risky situations

-Difficulty with impulse control results in loss of employment, accidents, legal difficulties, and incarceration

-Typically do not experience genuine remorse for the harm they cause others and take little to no responsibility for their actions

70
Q

Cluster B: Persons with Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

-Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

-Their lives are full of drama

-Uncomfortable in situations where they are not the center of attention

-Often quite flirtatious or seductive, and like to dress in a manner that draws attention to them

-Emotional expression can be exaggerated and shallow

-Have difficulty getting into truly intimate relationships, but it also the case that they are uncomfortable being alone

-They tend to feel depressed when they are not the center of attention

71
Q

Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

-Have significant problems with their sense of self-worth stemming from a powerful sense of entitlement which leads them to believe they deserve special treatment, and to assumer they have special powers, are uniquely talented, or that they are especially brilliant or attractive

-Sense of entitlement can lead them to act in ways that fundamentally disregard and disrespect the worth of those around them

-Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success and power and do not put any effort into their daily life and don’t direct their energies toward accomplishing their goals

-Status is very important

-Associating with famous and special people provides them a sense of importance

72
Q

Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder

A

-Experience and unstable emotions and moods that can shift fairly quickly

-Have difficulty calming down which can result in angry outbursts and engaging in impulsive behaviors

-See the world in all or nothing terms

-Can lead to unstable sense of self

73
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: DSM Changes

A

-Addition of course specifiers “in a controlled environment” and “in remission” to the diagnostic criteria sets for all the paraphilic disorders

-Specifiers are added to indicate important changes in an individual’s status

-“The remission” specifier has been added to indicate remission from a paraphilic disorder

-The specifier is silent with regard to changes in the presence of paraphilic interest per se

-The other course specifier, “in a controlled environment,” is included because the propensity of an individual to act on paraphilic urges may be more difficult to assess objectively when the individual has no opportunity to act on such urges

74
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: Change to Diagnostic Names

A

-In DSM-5, paraphilias are not necessarily mental disorders

-A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia that is currently causing distress or impairment to the individual or a paraphilia whose satisfaction has entailed personal harm, or risk of harm, to others

-A paraphilia is a necessary but not a sufficient client condition for having a paraphilic disorders, and a paraphilia by itself does not automatically justify or require clinical intervention

-Criterion A specifies that qualitative nature of the paraphilia and Criterion B specifies the negative consequences of the paraphilia

-Individuals who meet both Criterion A and Criterion B would now be diagnosed as having a paraphilic disorder

-A diagnosis would not be given to individuals whose symptoms meet criterion A but not criterion B–that is, to those individuals who have a paraphilia but not a paraphilic disorder

75
Q

Paraphilic Disorders: PParaphilias

A

-Problems with controlling impulses that are characterized by recurrent and intense sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving unusual objects, activities, or situations often are necessary for the person’s sexual functioning

-The individual’s urges and behaviors cause significant distress and/or personal, social, or career problems

-May be referred to as “kinky” or “perverted,” and these behaviors may have serious social and legal consequences

-Exhibitionism, Fetishism, Frotteurism, Pedophilia, Sexual Masochism, Trasnvestitism, Voyeurism

76
Q
A

LMSW Exam (15 decks)

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