Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LMSW Exam > Community Practice > Flashcards

Community Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Orientation: Community Organization Practice

A

(COP)

uses a sociological, social systems, and social action perspective to address community problems

individual pathology is viewed as a product of a flawed social system, and unresponsive or destructive social institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does COP do?

A

emphasizes knowledge related to social power, social structure, social change, and the social environment

recognizes the reciprocal process between the person and the social environment

social problems are explained as consequences of structural arrangements rather than resulting from personal inadequcies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Orientation: What do tasks and goals include?

A
  1. Altering public or private priorities to focus on problems of inequality and social injustice
  2. Promoting legislative change or the allocation of public funds
  3. Influencing public perceptions of social issues and social problems
  4. Improving or changing community agencies or institutions to satisfy community needs better
  5. Developing new methods, strategies and programs for addressing community problems
  6. Coordinating existing services and develop new ones
  7. Improving access to services
  8. Establishing new services and programs in response to new or changing needs
  9. Managing community organizations and programs
  10. Building the capacity of grassroots citizen groups to solve problems and make claims on public resources for under-served communities
  11. Seeking justice for oppressed minorities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definitions and Characteristics: Brager and Specht (1987)

A

COP is an intervention method through which individuals, groups, and organizations engage in planned action to influence social problems

involves two major processes: planning and organizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brager and Specht (1987): Council on Social Work Education

A

Community Organization and social planning refer to a field of activity in which organizational methods of intervention are used to meet social needs and to counteract social problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common Characteristics: COP

A

focus of attention is on the social environment, not on psychological problems

involves professional intervention and activities accomplished with the participation and involvement of community representatives and coalitions with community organizations

emphasizes the development of enhanced social resources responding to community needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common Characteristics: Values

A
  1. Enhancing participatory skills of citizens by working with them, not for them
  2. Developing leadership
  3. Strengthening communities so they can better deal with future problems
  4. Redistributing resources to increases the resources of the disadvantaged
  5. Planned changes
  6. Problem-solving process
  7. Advancing the interests of the disadvantaged so they can influence the process of distributing social resources and the problem definitions causing services to be provided
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definitions and Characteristics: Assumptions Underlying COP (Ross)

A
  1. Community members can develop the capacity to resolve communal and social problems
  2. Members want to improve their situation
  3. Members must participate in change efforts rather than have changes imposed on them
  4. A systems approach considering the total community is more effective than programs imposed on communities
  5. Participation in community organization initiatives that involve social workers is designed to expose community participants to democratic decision-making
  6. Community participants can learn analytic, strategic, and interpersonal skills from an organizer who enables them to address community problems independently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tasks of the Worker: Interactional

A

relating to people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tasks of the Worker: Analytical

A

assessment steps in a COP process that will facilitate realizing agreed upon goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tasks of the Worker: Technical

A

techniques for distributing information to community members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key Roles to COP: Socio-therapeutic

A

helps community members and leaders gain self and community problem understanding to facilitate problem resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Key Roles to COP: Enabler

A

helps community members use their own resources toward problem resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Key Roles to COP: Broker

A

Mediates and negotiates among different community groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Key Roles to COP: Expert

A

Provide data and advice that community representatives can use to resolve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Key Roles to COP: Advocate

A

sides with the disadvantaged and represents their interests

attempts to help the disadvantaged secure a larger share of resources from power elements in the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Key Roles to COP: Activist

A

most compatible with an advocate role

activist uses bargaining and power tactics, confrontation, and conflict (or contest) with those who control resources to influence the reallocation of decision-making power and social resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Key Roles to COP: Organizer

A

joins groups and institutions together to take joint action toward specific goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tactic Selection (Brager and Specht, 1987): Selection of Tactics Three Major Factors

A

the degree of commonality or differences in the goals between the community group and target system

the relative power of the community group and the target system

the relationship of the community group to the target system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of Tactics: Collaborative

A

the existence of a perceived consensus in goals, parity of power, relatively close relationships, and cooperation and sharing

problem solving, joint action, education, and mild persuasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of Tactics: Campaign

A

the existence of perceived differences in goals, inequality in power, intermediate relationships

hard persuasion, political maneuvering, bargaining and negotiation, and mild coercion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of Tactics: Contest

A

the existence of public conflict, dissensus in goals, uncertain power, distant or hostile relationships

public conflict and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’re the steps in the Problem-Solving Model in COP?

A
  1. Introduce self to the group
  2. Clarify why everyone is there
  3. Address problems
  4. Help the group develop guidelines and a consensus on the problems to address
  5. Help the group evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of focusing on specific problems
  6. Help the group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is involved in step 6 of the problem-solving model, help the group?

A
  1. Focus on a concrete problem that is of immediate concern to the group
  2. Select a problem it can successfully solve
  3. Study alternative solutions
  4. Evaluate available resources
  5. Evaluate potential for public support
  6. Consider how the target problem constituencies will respond
  7. Evaluate potential for agreement among community members
  8. Monitor implementation including how the target population is responding by obtaining feedback
  9. Adjust and revise strategies and tactics in light of new information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Models of Practice: Locality Development

A

neighborhood work aimed at improving the quality of community life through the participation of a broad spectrum of people at the local level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Locality Development: Community Integration

A

process-oriented, the purpose is to help diverse elements of the community join together to resolve common problems and improve the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Locality Development: Change Strategy

A

broadly defined community can resolve its problems and develop increased ability to solve problems through rational participatory problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Locality Development: Tactics

A

an emphasis on consensus and capacity building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Locality Development: Worker Roles

A

enabler, coordinator, educator, broker within such settings as the neighborhood or village

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Locality Development: Boundaries

A

total geographic community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Locality Development: Agency Type

A

settlement houses, Peace Corps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Models of Practice: Social Planning

A

emphasizes careful, rational study of community’s political, social, economic, and population characteristics to provide a basis for identifying agreed-upon problems and determining a range of solutions to community problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Social Planning: Problem Solving

A

task-oriented

problems might include lack of child care, mental health services, police protection, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Social Planning: Change Strategy

A

fact gathering, rational action, and needs assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Social Planning: Tactics

A

consensus or conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Social Planning: Worker Roles

A

researcher, reporter, data analyst, program planner, program implementer, facilitator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Social Planning: Boundaries

A

total community or functional community defined by a common problem, such as the elderly or disabled needing special care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Social Planning: Agency Type

A

welfare councils, federal bureaucracy, planning board

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Social Planning: Example

A

planning homeless shelters, after school recreation programs

40
Q

Models of Practice: Social Action

A

requires an easily identifiable target and relatively clear cut, easily explainable goals

target is usually those community institutions that control and allocate funds, community resources, and power

41
Q

Social Action: Examples of Situations Appropriate for Social Action Methods

A

conflicts between landlords and tenants, or employers and employees

direct action may be the only way to convince those with power to relinquish some of their resources and power

42
Q

Social Action: Early Settlement Movement

A

used confrontation to achieve social goals, and frequently supported the efforts of unions to organize and to secure improved wages and better working conditions

43
Q

Social Action: Change Strategy

A

issues identified, labeled, and described

individuals affected are helped to take action against powerful community institutions

44
Q

Social Action: Worker Roles

A

advocate, activist, and negotiator

the worker is committed to a cause and pursues it with the clients and others

45
Q

Social Action: Tactics

A

conflict, confrontation, contest, and direct action

46
Q

Social Action: Examples

A

welfare rights organizing, tenant organizing, working with women’s rights movement

47
Q

Models of Practice: Social Reform

A

work with other organizations for the disadvantages

workers role is to develop coalitions of various groups to pressure for change

by changing laws, the worker can overcome community resistance to local programs

48
Q

What is social reform?

A

mixture of social action and social planning

49
Q

Social Reform: Change Strategy

A

fact gathering and publicity to assist disadvantaged populations, lobbying, and political pressure

50
Q

Social Reform: Participants

A

the social reform approach tends to operate within long time frames andis a strategy usually pursued by elites in behalf of disadvantaged groups

51
Q

Social Reform: Sponsors

A

professional associations (NASW), public interest groups (Ralph Nader’s organization or the Child Welfare League)

52
Q

Social Reform: Examples

A

increasing welfare benefits or services such child care for working parents, improved economic development to resolve unemployment problems

53
Q

Stages of Practice: Socialization Group

A

first phase

organize members who may lack community consciousness, or awareness of possible solutions to local problems or organizational skills

54
Q

Socialization Group: Technical Task

A

worker helps people identify and define some community problems for which the agency might wish to provide service

55
Q

Socialization Group: Interactional Tasks

A

worker (often with core group) identifies potential members, meets with community members, facilitates meetings of potential activists, motivates and recruits them as members of a group, and help them identify and describe a problem agenda that requires action

56
Q

Socialization Group: Task View

A

secondary during the early phase and primary focus is on process, establishing relationships with and among community people as group members, and building trust and confidence that group action can make a difference

57
Q

Socialization Group: Socialization

A

within formal organization or informally

58
Q

Stages of Practice: Primary Group

A

cultivating group cohesion of the new group and developing some goals but not yet addressing more complex or major tasks that may seem overwhelming

59
Q

Primary Group: Technical Task

A

second phase

still concerned with fostering group cohesion but now the focus is to link community’s problems to goal development

60
Q

Primary Group: Interactional Tasks

A

cultivate social bonds among group members and increase group cohesion

61
Q

Stages of Practice: Organizational Development Group

A

third phase

emphasis is still not on completing tasks but on creating an organization with program objectives and formulating programs to achieve goals

62
Q

Organizational Development Group: Technical Tasks

A

develop program and organizational structures

63
Q

Organizational Development Group: Interactional Tasks

A

develop leadership and coalitions, broaden support, and reduce organizers’ role

64
Q

Organizational Development: Task View

A

shifts from secondary to primary concern

65
Q

Stages of Practice: Institutional Relations Organization

A

fourth phase

a more complex organization directed toward change and negotiation with a target system

worker is more heavily involved in technical tasks at this stage of group organization

group now working in coalitions with individuals and groups to attain its goals

66
Q

Institutional Relations Organization: Technical Tasks

A

implement strategy, administration, and planning

67
Q

Institutional Relations Organization: Interactional Tasks

A

develop tactics of education, persuasion, bargaining, and political pressure

68
Q

Institutional Relations Organization: Task View

A

primary concern now is to achieve tasks and generate changes desired by the group

69
Q

Organizational Goals: Integrative

A

purpose is not focused on changing the social system

emphasizes developing accessible services for consumers who are in need, and helping them live normally within the context of the existing community

70
Q

Integrative: Social Stability

A

organization with integrative goals can attract substantial community support since they do not challenge existing social arrangements

usually framed as enhancing or coordinating remedial services

services are streamlined but basic concepts are not changed

71
Q

Organizational Goals: Socio-therapeutic

A

to raise consciousness of participants

72
Q

What improvements can socio-therapeutic relationships make?

A

-changes participants to improve their sense of themselves

-tasks are secondary to enhancing consciousness and competence

-seeks to develop leadership

-participants encouraged to assume responsibility

-participants encouraged to develop pride in their ethnic, racial, gender, and/or social group

73
Q

Organizational Goals: Environmental Change

A

to resolve a community problem

74
Q

What improvements can environmental change goals make?

A

substantive change in problem areas

75
Q

Environmental Change: Substance of Change

A

the greater change sought, the more likely that resistance will be encountered

76
Q

What’re modest subtances of change?

A

new traffic light at a street corner

more frequent trash collection

77
Q

What’re significant substances of change?

A

improved access to healthcare

increasing school budgets

78
Q

Environmental Change: Scope of Change

A

local

city, state, national policy

international

79
Q

Concepts of Community: Types

A

Gemeinschaft

Gesellschaft

80
Q

Types: Gemeinschaft

A

people live and work in their community

they know one another, and care about and are committed to their local community

agricultural economy encouraged family and village relationships as basic economic and social unit

informal relationships

intimate relationships allow sentiment to determine helping relationships

relationships are end in themsleves

80
Q

Types: Gesellschaft

A

because of industrialization and urbanization, people are less involved with family and the local community

often work in communities distant from the ones in which they live, and relate more to professional and business associates than to friends

industrial production requires more instrumental relationships than those of less complex societies

formal relationships

impersonal relationships

relationships are means to other ends

81
Q

Community Definitions: Functional vs. Geographic

A

community defined by organization of social activities accessible in day-to-day living rather than through spatial relations

82
Q

Community Definitions: Functional vs. Geographic

A

production, distribution, and consumption

socialization

social control social participation

mutual support

83
Q

Community Definitions: Dimensions of Community Differences

A

local autonomy

coincidence of service areas

psychological identity

horizontal patterns: decisions are made within the community’

vertical patterns: decisions affecting community are made outside of community

84
Q

Community Definitions: Loss of Control of Community Functions

A

a major problem of communities

specialization and division of labor

differentiation and division of labor

bureaucracies

impersonal relationships

value differences

85
Q

Community Definitions: Social Change at the Community Level

A

Issue Consensus

Issue Differences

Issue Dissensus

86
Q

Social Change at the Community Level: Issues Consensus

A

issue agreement exists or will follow when considered

common interests of various community groups

collaborative strategies

87
Q

Social Change at the Community Level: Issue Differences

A

issue agreement is possible but may be difficult to achieve

common interests exist but are not perceived as such

campaign strategy to persuade those who disagree

88
Q

Social Change at the Community Level: Issue Dissensus

A

issue agreement does not exist nor is it necessarily desired

segmented interests polarize issues and permit clarity of purpose

contest strategy, value differences

89
Q

Power: Definition

A

ability to influence others in intended ways

90
Q

Sources: Control of Resources

A

resources controlled by an individual or organization lead to increased power and influence

91
Q

Sources: Numbers of People

A

a constituency can be translated into political power through democratic means or through the power to disrupt

92
Q

Sources: Degree of Social Organization

A

a high degree of social organization suggests and ability to control and order resources to conform to agendas

a well-organized community group can easily convert a dispute into a demonstration

the higher the degree of the organization, the greater the need to listen to the organizational leadership

93
Q

The Concept of Elites: Zero Sum Theory

A

asserts a limited amount of power and resources

when one group gains power, another must relinquish power making conflict inevitable

power is concentrated in a small minority

conflict strategies are necessary for a group to secure influence or power

94
Q

Views of Power: Pluralist Concept

A

power is decentralized, its use regulated by contests between conflicting interests

power is distributed according to specific interests and domains

may exercise undue influence over government such as controlling resources

power is more fluid and accessible

power shifts between different groups and among members of a population, depending on the mix of interests involved or mobilized

collaborative strategies and large coalitions can acquire sufficient power and influence to realize their objectives

95
Q
A

LMSW Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions