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Immunology Y5 > Summary of all the hypersensitivity disorders > Flashcards

Summary of all the hypersensitivity disorders Flashcards

1
Q

List the most important Type 1 hypersenstiivty disorders

A
  1. atopic dermatitis
  2. food allergy
  3. oral allergy dysndorme
  4. latex food syndrome
  5. allergic rhinitis
  6. acute urticaria
  7. anaphylaxis
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2
Q

Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis

A
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3
Q

Food allergy: summary

A

allergens: milk egg peanut tree nut fish shellfish

pathology: IgE (anaphylaxis, OAS); cell mediated (coeliac); IgE/cell mediated (atopic dermatitis)

diagnosis: Food Diary, Skin Prick Tests, RAST, Challenge Test àMost resolve by adulthood.

treatment: Dietician, Food Allergy
tree nut, fish, Avoidance, Epipen, shellfish
Control asthma if present

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4
Q

Oral allergy syndrome

A

Allergen: Birch pollen + rosacea fruit, ragweed + melons,
mugwort + Celery(cross- reactivity)

Pathology: exposure to allergen idnuces allergy to food. sx limite dto mouth, 2% get anaphylaxis

Dx: clinicl, skin prick test

tx: avoid food, if ingested wash mouth + anti histamine

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5
Q

Latex food syndrome

A
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6
Q

allergic rhinitis

A
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7
Q

acute urticaria

A
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8
Q

Which triggers of anaphylaxis are IgE mediated vs non-IgE mediated?

A

IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation - peanut, penicillin, stings, latex

Non-IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation: NSAIDs, IV contrast, opioids, exercise.

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9
Q

DDx of anaphylaxis

A

C1 inhibitor deficiency - hereditary angioedema • ACEi induced angioedema • Acute anxiety • Urticaria

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10
Q

Mx of anaphylaxis

A

Elevate Legs, 100% Oxygen, IM Adrenaline 500 mcg, inhaled bronchodilators, Hydrocortisone 200mg IV, Chlorphenamine 10mg IV, IV Fluids, Seek Help

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11
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is HDN?

A

Type 3

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12
Q

What is autoimmune haemolutic anaemia + ITP known as?

A

Evan’s syndrome

**this is what you can get in CLL?

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13
Q

Tx of evan’s syndrome?

A

steroids

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14
Q

treatment of evan’s syndrome?

A

steroids

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15
Q

goodpasture’s syndrome?

A
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16
Q

target of graves disease antibody

A

TSH receptor

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17
Q

target of myasthenia gravis autoatibody

how do you diagnose it?

tx?

A

acetylcholine receptor

diagnosis: anti AchR antibodies, abnormal EMG, tensilon test
tx: pyridostigmine, neostigmine

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18
Q

what type of hypersenstiivty reaction is acute rhuemtaic fever?

A

type 2- against M proteins on group A strep

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19
Q

what are ab against in pernicious anaemia?

A

anti gastric parietal cells - 90%

anti intrinsic factor

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20
Q

what size vasuclitis is churg strauss syndrome?

A

medium and small vessel

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21
Q

what antibody is present in churg strauss syndrome?

A
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22
Q

what type of vasculitis is wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

medium and small vessel vasuculitis

23
Q

antibody in wegener’s?

A

c-anca - against proteinaise 3

24
Q

antibody in microscopic polyangitis?

A

p-anca against myeloperoxidase

25
Q

chronic urticaria

A
26
Q

what type of hypersenstiivty reaction is serum sickness?

A

type 3

reaction to proteins in antiserum (penicillin)

27
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is polyarteritis nodosa?

A

type 3

  • antibodies against HepB and HepC virus antigens

ROSARY SIGN, high esr, high wcc

28
Q

Features of SLE

A

SOAP BRAIN MD

29
Q

antibodes in SLE

A

anti-dsDNA

anti ro

anti la

anti sm

anti u1rnp

30
Q

give some examples of type 4 hypersensitivity reacions

A
  1. type 1 diabetes
  2. multiple sclerosis
  3. rheumatoid arthritis - also type 2 and type 3
  4. contact dermatitis
  5. mantoux test
  6. crohn’s disease
31
Q

what is the type 4 hypersensitivity involved in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

antigen is in the synovial membrane

32
Q

antibodies in rhematoid arthritis

A

anti ccp- more specific

rheumatoid factor - sensitive but not specifi c

((also- raised ESR and raised CRP unlike SLE with isolated raised ESR)

33
Q

wha

A
34
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is crohn’s disease

A

type 4

35
Q

antibodies in crest syndrome vs diffuse cutaneous scleroderma

A

crest syndrome: anti centromere

diffuse cutaneous: anti scl70, anti rna pol 1, 2, 3

36
Q

skin involvement in crest syndrome vs diffuse cutaneous

A

crest syndrome: only up to forearms+ perioral

diffuse cutaneous: more diffuse involvement

37
Q

what test tests for tear rpdocution?

A

schirmer test - for sjogren’s (reduced)

38
Q

antibodies in sjogren’s syndrome

A

anti ro

anti la

39
Q

antibodies in coeliac disease

A

anti ema

anti ttg 0 95% specific, 90-94% sensitive

anti gliadin

40
Q

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

(Hugh’s Syndrome)

A

anti cardiolipin antibody

lupus anticoagulant

41
Q

autoimmune hepatitis antibody

A

anti smooth muscle anyibody

anti liver kidney microsomal 1

anti soluble liver antigen

42
Q

antibody in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Anti-Rh Blood Group Antigen

43
Q

antibody in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

A

Anti-Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX Antibody

44
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis antibody

A

anti EMA

45
Q

antibody in demratomyosits

A

anti jo 1

46
Q

hashimotors Ab

A

anti thyroglobulin

anti thyroid peroxidase

47
Q

mixed connective tissue disease

A

Anti-U1RNP antibody (speckled pattern)

48
Q
A
49
Q

polymyositis antibody

A

anti jo 1

50
Q

PBC antibody

A

anti mitochondrial antibody

51
Q

what type of immunofluorescence in sjogrens?

A

speckled

52
Q

fluorescence pattern in sle

A

anti dsDNA: homogenous

anti ro and anti la: speckled

**so it depends on which antibodye syou have

53
Q

What are the two types of ANA and what are their immunofluorescence patterns?

A

• Anti-dsDNA – homogenous staining pattern, they are highly specific for SLE and high titres are associated with severe disease (useful for disease monitoring)

• Anti-ENA4 (extractable nuclear antigens such as ribonucleoproteins (e.g. Ro, La, Sm)) - speckled immunofluorescence

54
Q

antibodues in type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

anti glutamic acid decarboxylase

anti islet cell antibodies

Immunology Y5 (11 decks)

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