Summary Of All Bio Things Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life
The cell
What does reproduction involve
The transmission of hereditary information from organisms to their offspring
When living things grow what happens to their cells
They enlarge and divide
What is a hypothesis
A statement that explains observations and that can be tested
What are atoms composed of
Protons neutrons and electrons
How do atoms achieve stability
When their outermost energy level is filled
What is a chemical reaction
The process of breaking chemical bonds, rearranging the atoms, and forming new bonds
When is a covalent bond formed
When two atoms share electrons
When is an ionic bond formed
When one atom gives up an electron to another. The positive ion is then attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond
What are buffers
Chemicals that neutralize the effects of adding small amounts of either an acid or a base to a solution
Is water a polar molecule
Yes
What is responsible for the cohesion and capillarity that water molecules display
Hydrogen bonding
Can water absorb a large amount of thermal energy before its own temperature begins to rise
Yes
What bond together to form complex molecules called polymers
Simple molecules known as monomers
When are monomers joined together to form polymers
In a condensation reaction
When are polymers broken down into monomers
During hydrolysis
What is a protein formed from
Amino acids
What are amino acids monomers of
amino acids are monomers of peptides or proteins.
What are amino acids joined by
Peptide bonds
What is a long chain of amino acids called
A polypeptide
Most enzymes are what
Proteins
What do most lipids contain
Fatty acids, organic molecules that have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end
What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids
Unsaturated lipids have one or more pairs of carbon atoms joined by double bonds while saturated lipids have no double bonds between their carbon atoms
What does a cells shape reflect
It’s function
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles while prokaryotes contain neither
What does the cell membrane consist mostly of
Lipids and proteins
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do
Prepares proteins for export from the cell or insertion into the cell membrane
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum lack
Ribosomes
What do lysosomes contain
Hydrolysic
Biology is the study of what
Life, ranging from the study of unicellular organisms to the study of the global interactions among millions of organisms
