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Cellular Respiration Bio 9 > Parts Of The Eukaryotic Cell Section 4 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Parts Of The Eukaryotic Cell Section 4 Unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

A protein attached to the interior or exterior of surface of the cell membrane

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2
Q

Integral protein

A

A protein imbedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains the various organelles of the cell

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4
Q

Cytosol

A

A gelatin like aqueous fluid

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5
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell

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6
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of long protein strands located in the cytosol

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7
Q

What are two major components of the cytoskeleton

A

The microfilaments and microtubules

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8
Q

Actin

A

One of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction

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9
Q

Spindle fibers

A

Bundles that come from when a cell is about to divide. Bundles of microtubules come together and extend across the cell

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10
Q

Nuclear matrix

A

The nuclear skeleton, a shape maintaining protein

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11
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

A combination of DNA and protein inside the nuclear envelope

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13
Q

Chromosomes

A

Densely packed chromatin strands made when a cell is about to divide

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14
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Small holes in the nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

The site where ribosomes are are synthesized and partially assembled before they pass through the nuclear pores to the cytosol

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16
Q

Cell wall

A

A rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many Protists, and most bacteria

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17
Q

Vacuoles

A

Fluid filled organelles store enzymes and metabolic wastes

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18
Q

Plastids

A

Organelles that are surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA

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19
Q

Chloroplasts

A

A plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

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20
Q

Thylakoids

A

A system of flattened membranous sacs

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21
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy

22
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

23
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space

24
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space

25
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

26
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

Organelles that remove water

27
Q

Turgor pressure

A

The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall

28
Q

Plasmolysis

A

When tutor pressure is lost; the reason plants grow

29
Q

Cytolysis

A

The bursting of cells

30
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A type of passive transport; used for molecules that can’t diffuse rapidly

31
Q

Active transport

A

Materials are moved up their concentration gradient from and area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

32
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

A carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions into and Na+ ions out of the cell

33
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells

34
Q

Vesicle

A

A membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell

35
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis that involves the transport of dilutes or fluids

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis involving the movement of large particles or whole cells

37
Q

Phagocytes

A

A type of cell in animals that use phagocytosis to ingest bacteria and viruses that invade the body

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

The reverse of endocytosis

39
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which organisms gain energy from sunlight

40
Q

Biochemical pathway

A

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction

41
Q

Light reactions

A

The initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorption of light by photosystems 1 and 2, the passage of electrons on the electron transport chain, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis

42
Q

Grana

A

Thylakoids layered on top of one another

43
Q

Stroma

A

A solution surrounding the thylakoids

44
Q

Pigment

A

A compound that absorbs light

45
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The most important of the variety of pigments

46
Q

Carotenoids

A

Act as accessory pigments

47
Q

Primary electron acceptor

A

A molecule in the thylakoid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions

48
Q

NADP+

A

An organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions

49
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

A process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP

50
Q

ATP synthase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate

51
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

A membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through

Cellular Respiration Bio 9 (12 decks)

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