Parts Of The Eukaryotic Cell Section 4 Unit 2 Flashcards
Peripheral proteins
A protein attached to the interior or exterior of surface of the cell membrane
Integral protein
A protein imbedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Contains the various organelles of the cell
Cytosol
A gelatin like aqueous fluid
Golgi apparatus
The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell
Cytoskeleton
A network of long protein strands located in the cytosol
What are two major components of the cytoskeleton
The microfilaments and microtubules
Actin
One of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction
Spindle fibers
Bundles that come from when a cell is about to divide. Bundles of microtubules come together and extend across the cell
Nuclear matrix
The nuclear skeleton, a shape maintaining protein
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus
Chromatin
A combination of DNA and protein inside the nuclear envelope
Chromosomes
Densely packed chromatin strands made when a cell is about to divide
Nuclear pores
Small holes in the nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
The site where ribosomes are are synthesized and partially assembled before they pass through the nuclear pores to the cytosol
Cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many Protists, and most bacteria
Vacuoles
Fluid filled organelles store enzymes and metabolic wastes
Plastids
Organelles that are surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA
Chloroplasts
A plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
Thylakoids
A system of flattened membranous sacs
Passive transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Concentration gradient
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space
Equilibrium
When the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space
Osmosis
The diffusion of water
Contractile vacuoles
Organelles that remove water
Turgor pressure
The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall
Plasmolysis
When tutor pressure is lost; the reason plants grow
Cytolysis
The bursting of cells
Facilitated diffusion
A type of passive transport; used for molecules that can’t diffuse rapidly
Active transport
Materials are moved up their concentration gradient from and area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Sodium potassium pump
A carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions into and Na+ ions out of the cell
Endocytosis
The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells
Vesicle
A membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis that involves the transport of dilutes or fluids
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis involving the movement of large particles or whole cells
Phagocytes
A type of cell in animals that use phagocytosis to ingest bacteria and viruses that invade the body
Exocytosis
The reverse of endocytosis
Photosynthesis
Process by which organisms gain energy from sunlight
Biochemical pathway
A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction
Light reactions
The initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorption of light by photosystems 1 and 2, the passage of electrons on the electron transport chain, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis
Grana
Thylakoids layered on top of one another
Stroma
A solution surrounding the thylakoids
Pigment
A compound that absorbs light
Chlorophyll
The most important of the variety of pigments
Carotenoids
Act as accessory pigments
Primary electron acceptor
A molecule in the thylakoid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions
NADP+
An organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions
Chemiosmosis
A process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP
ATP synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate
Selectively permeable membrane
A membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through
