Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
A biochemical pathway that begins cellular respiration
What serves as the final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What is phosphofructokinase and what does it do?
It is an enzyme that ultimately controls glycolysis. It is an allosteric enzyme which means it works when ADP binds to it
What are the three products of glycolysis?
Two pyruvate, two NADH, and two ATP
What are the two products of the fermentation of yeast?
Ethyl alcohol and CO2
What are the four parts of the mitochondria?
- the matrix
- the outer membrane
- the inner membrane
- the inner membrane space
How does the digestive system work?
- mouth (saliva+chewing)
- esophagus
- stomach (acid+digestive juices)
- duodenum (liver/bile) (pancreas)
- small intestine (absorption)
- large intestine (H2O absorption)
- anus (feces)
What is the matrix and its process?
It’s the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria. It contains the enzymes needed to catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle
What is PGAL?
It is an intermediate molecule
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2—–>6Co2+6H2O+36-38ATP
What is the process of the inner membrane?
The electron transport chain lines the inner membrane and protects the matrix
Glycolysis in anaerobic which means what?
It does not need oxygen to occur
What happens to AcCoA if we don’t need ATP?
Excess AcCoA are strung together to form fatty acids
What are the steps of the electron transport chain?
- electrons move across cristae which allow protons(H+) to move across membrane
- Concentration gradient is created and H+ passes through ATP synthetase
- ATP is formed
- H+ joins with e- and O2 to make water
When does aerobic respiration occur?
When oxygen is present
What does cellular respiration begin with?
Glycolysis
What is fermentation?
A set of anaerobic pathways in which pyruvic acid is converted into other organic molecules in the cytocol
Does fermentation produce ATP?
No, but it does regenerate NAD+, which helps keep glycolysis operating
What happens in lactic acid fermentation?
An enzyme converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid
What happens in alcoholic fermentation?
Other enzymes convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and Co2
What is cellular respiration?
The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking organic compounds
For each six-carbon molecule that begins glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are used and how many ATP molecules are produced?
Start with two end with 38
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
In the mitochondria
What are the products of fermentation?
Ethyl alcohol, Co2, and lactic acid
What is the product of glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
What is the product of etc
ATP
What are the products of the Krebs cycle
Co2, hydrogen atoms, and ATP
What does it create when Acetyl CoA and lactic acid combine
Citric acid
Why do you need etc in aerobic respiration?
It is the second stage in aerobic respiration. In etc NADH is used to make ATP. The Krebs cycle only makes a small amount of ATP while most of the ATP is produced during aerobic respiration is made by the etc
Under what conditions do you need for your body to undergo lactic acid fermentation
When there is not enough oxygen to produce ATP such as intense workouts
Why is photosynthesis responsible for aerobic respiration?
Photosynthesis is responsible for aerobic respiration because the glucose required for cellular respiration and glycolysis is produced by plants
why do you need to breath heavier and sweat more when you work out
You breath heavier because your body needs more oxygen so it won’t go through fermentation which will make you sore because of the build up of lactic acid and you sweat to cool your body down
What does it create when Acetyl CoA and lactic acid combine
Citric acid
