Molecules Of Life Section 3 Unit 3

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

A monomer of a carbohydrate or a simple sugar

Question 2

Isomer

Answer 2

One of two or more compounds that differ in structure but not in molecular composition

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Proteins are formed from the linkage of monomers

Question 4

What are the skin and muscles of animals mostly made of

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

Amino acids

Answer 5

The monomer building blocks of proteins

Question 6

Dipeptide

Answer 6

Two amino acids bonded together

Question 7

Peptide bond

Answer 7

The bond formed in a condensation reaction when to amino acids combine

Question 8

Polypeptide

Answer 8

The chain formed when amino acids bond to each other one at a time

Question 9

Substrate

Answer 9

A part substance or element that lies beneath and supports another; the reactant in any enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

Large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water

Question 11

Do lipids or carbohydrates have a higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms than carbohydrates have.

Answer 11

Lipids

Question 12

Fatty acid

Answer 12

Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids

Question 13

Hydrophilic

Answer 13

Water loving

Question 14

Hydrophobic

Answer 14

Water fearing

Question 15

Triglyceride

Answer 15

Composed of three molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of the alcohol glycerol

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Have two, rather than three, fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol

Question 17

Wax

Answer 17

A type of structural lipid. It is highly waterproof and in plants, forms a protective coating on the outer surfaces. (Also in animals)

Question 18

RNA

Answer 18

Stores and transfers information that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins

Question 19

Nucleotides

Answer 19

Thousands of linked monomers

Question 20

Who came up with the cell theory

Answer 20

Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek

Question 21

Organelles

Answer 21

A cell component that performs specific functions for the cell

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

The large organelle near the center of the cell

Question 23

Eukaryotes

Answer 23

Organisms whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus and other organelles

Question 24

Prokaryotes

Answer 24

Unicellular organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and other organelles

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. The number of carbon atoms varies. carbohydrates exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides