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Spring 2018 > Summary > Flashcards

Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Circulation with low pressure, low resistance, thin walls and low o2 saturation

A

Pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

Circulation where pressure is high, resistance is high, walls are thick and O2 saturation is high

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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4
Q

Outer layer of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

Inner layer of the pericardium, composed of two layers with fluid between them

A

Serous pericardium

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6
Q

What line the inside of the fibrous pericardium

A

The parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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7
Q

__________ _________ is within the pericardial space between the parietal and visceral layer

A

Pericardial fluid

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8
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

Outermost layer of the heart wall; it is also the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

Center layer of the heart wall, composed of thick, muscular tissue

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Lines the inner chambers, valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

What is the pressure for the right atrium(RA)?

A

8/5mm Hg

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13
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the right atrium (RA)

A

75%

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14
Q

RA mean is equal to

A

RV end diastole

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15
Q

What is the right ventricle (RV) pressure

A

25/0/5 mmHg

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16
Q

What is the O2 saturation in the right ventricle

A

75%

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17
Q

RV systole is equal to

A

PA systole

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18
Q

What is the pressure for the pulmonary artery (PA)

A

25/10

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19
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the pulmonary artery

A

75%

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20
Q

What is the pressure for the pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW)

A

10(mean)

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21
Q

What is the pressure for the left atrium (LA)

A

10-12 (mean)

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22
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the left atrium (LA)

A

95%

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23
Q

LA mean is equal to

A

LV end diastole

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24
Q

The pressure for the left ventricle

A

1 20/0/12

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25
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the left ventricle

A

95%

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26
Q

LV systole is equal to

A

Systemic arterial pressure

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27
Q

What is the pressure for the aorta/ systemic arterial

A

120/80

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28
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the aorta/ systemic arterial

A

95%

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29
Q

What are the names of the atrioventricular valves (AV valves)

A

Tricuspid (TV) and mitral (MV) valve

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30
Q

What is the normal velocity for the tricuspid valve

A

0.3-0.7 m/sec

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31
Q

What is the velocity of the mitral valve

A

0.6-1.3 m/sec

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32
Q

What are the names of the semilunar valves

A

Aoartic (AOV) and pulmonic valve (PV)

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33
Q

What is the velocity for the PV

A

0.6-0.9 /sec

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34
Q

What is the velocity for the AOV

A

1.0 -1.7

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35
Q

What are names of the primary coronary arteries

A

Left main coronary artery (LCA)

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36
Q

The left main coronary artery (LCA) divides into

A

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

Left circumflex artery (LCA)

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37
Q

The right coronary artery (RCA) divides into

A

Acute marginal artery (AM)

Posterior descending artery(PDA)

38
Q

__________ receives the cardiac veins and returns to the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus(CS)

39
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located

A

Along the posteriors atrioventricular groove behind the left atrium

40
Q

What contains the lowest oxygen saturation level in the entire body - 60%

A

Coronary spines

41
Q

The great cardiac vein (coronary vein) drains into

A

The coronary sinus

42
Q

The middle cardiac vein (posterior cardiac vein) drains into the

A

Coronary sinus (CS)

43
Q

The left cardiac veins (3-4 small veins) drain into

A

The coronary sinus

44
Q

The anterior cardiac veins (3-4 small veins) drain into

A

The right atrium

45
Q

The right( aka small) coronary vein drains into

A

The coronary sinus

46
Q

Numerous minute veins that return blood from the myocardium directly to the right atrium without entering the cardiac venous system

A

Venue the Eskimo

47
Q

Closure of the AV valves

A

1st heart sound

48
Q

Closure of the semilunar valves

A

2nd heart sound

49
Q

Early ventricular inflow (abnormal in adults: sometimes normal in kids)

A

3rd heart sound

50
Q

Atrial contraction (abnormal in adults: sometimes normal in kids)

A

4th heart sound

51
Q

Period of relaxation: ventricular filling

A

Diastole

52
Q

During diastole the AV valves are

A

Open

53
Q

During diastole the semilunar valves are

A

Closed

54
Q

When the volume remains constant within the ventricles:

Ventricular pressures and wall thickness increase

A

Isovolumic contraction (IVCT)

55
Q

During isovolumic contraction (IVCT) the AV valves ar

A

Closed

56
Q

During isovolumic contraction (IVCT) the semilunar valves are

A

Closed

57
Q

Period of contraction:

Ventricular ejection

A

Systole

58
Q

During systole the AV valves are

A

Closed

59
Q

During systole the semilunar valves are

A

Open

60
Q

Volume remains constant within the ventricles:
Ventricular pressure and wall thickness decrease:
Atrial pressure rises

A

Isovolumic relaxation (IVRT)

61
Q

Isovolumic relaxation (IVRT) the AV valves are

A

Closed

62
Q

During isovolumic relaxation (IVRT) the semilunar are

A

Closed

63
Q

What is the formula for stroke volume

A

Stroke volume (SV)= end diastolic volume(EDV) - end systolic volume(ESV)

64
Q

What is the normal value for stoke volume

A

70-100ml

65
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)

A

Cardiac Output (CO)= stroke volume(SV) x heart rate(HR)

66
Q

Formula for cardiac index(CI)

A

Cardiac of Output(CO)/ body surface area(BSA)

67
Q

What is the normal value for cardiac Output (CO)

A

4-8 l/min

68
Q

What is the normal value for cardiac index(CI)

A

3-4 l/min squAred

69
Q

The mosteller formula for body surface area

A

BSA= (height x weight /3131)1/2

70
Q

What is the normal value BSA value

A

1.72 m squared
Men= 1.9 m squared
Women= 1.6 m squared
2yr old = 0.5 m squared

71
Q

Volume in. The ventricles at end diastole (increased by state of fluid overload, such as valvular regurgitation, septal defects)

A

Preload

72
Q

Resistance that the heart must pump against (increased by state of pressure overload such as aortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic sub aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension)

A

After load

73
Q

Contractility of the heart

A

Inotropic force

74
Q

Rate of contractility (heart rate)

A

Chronotropic force

75
Q

What are the maneuvers that alter cardiac physiology

A 
Expiration
Standing
Valsalva bearing down
Valsalva release phase
Amyl nitrite
Inspiration 
Squatting
76
Q

During expiration what happens to venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac Output

A

Decrease

77
Q

While standing venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output

A

Decrease

78
Q

With the valsalva bearing down method, venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output

A

Decrease

79
Q

During the valsalva release phase venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output

A

Increase

80
Q

With Amyl. Nitrite the venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output

A

Increase

81
Q

With inspiration the venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac Output

A

Increase

82
Q

While squatting the venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output

A

Increase

83
Q

Names I’d the conduction system

A 
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Bundle of His
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fiber
84
Q

What is the location of the SA node

A

Border of the superior vena cava and right atrium

85
Q

What is the pace of the SA node

A

60-100bpm

86
Q

What is the location of the AV node

A

Floor of the right atrium

87
Q

What is the pace of the AV node

A

40-60bpm

88
Q

What is the location of the bundle of His

A

Interventricular septum

89
Q

What is the location of the right and left bundle branches

A

Ventricular walls

90
Q

What is the location of the purkinje fibers

A

Spread through the ventricles

91
Q

What is the pace of the purkinje fibers

A

20-49 bpm

Spring 2018 (7 decks)

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