SUMMARY Flashcards
Short metal “T” beam used in suspended ceiling systems to bridge the spaces between the main beams
Cross Tee
Roofing tile which has the shape of an “S” laid on its side
Pantile
Clay roofing tile approximately semi cylindrical in shape laid in courses with units having their convex side alternately up and down
Mission Tile
Groove cut into a board or panel intended to receive the edge of a connecting board
Dado
Part of the building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the structure below grade
Foundation Wall
Part of a foundation system which supports the exterior walls of a superstructure and bears directly on the column footing
Grade Beam
Black, tar like waterproofing material applied to the exterior of a foundation wall
Dampproofing
System of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to
Balloon Framing
roof supporting second floor joints
Balloon Framing
System of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each storey
Western Framing
An exterior security lock installed on exterior entry doors that can be activated only with a key or thumb-turn
Dead Bolt
Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operated machine
Tryolean Finish
Principal member of the truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist bending
Chord
Composition of two or more metals fused together usually to obtain a desired property
Alloy
Horizontal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the knob or lock cylinder
Backset
Vertical members in a railing used between a top rail and bottom rail or the stair treads
Baluster
An iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength but low tensile strength
Cast Iron
Ferrous metal that offers great resistance to abrassion and finds important use in the cutting edges of heavy digging tools
Nickel Steel
Commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility
Wrought Iron
Window or door in which two panes of glass are used with a sealed air space between
Double Glass
The wall of Intramuros
Fortification
Concrete slab should have a minimum clearance
15mm
Special type of plate girder consisting of tees, angles and multiple web
Hybrid Girder
Beam that projects beyond one or both its support
Cantilever Beam
Wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall
Shear Wall
Modern method of installing wood parquet flooring on wooden boards sub-flooring
Gluing/ Pasting
Standard height of window sills for office rooms in upper floors
0.90 m
Dimension of commercial acoustic boards for aluminum T-runners used for dropped-ceiling in offices
24” x 48” x 1/2”
Horizontal exterior roof overhang
Eaves
Structural method used for longer span/ interval of columns
Post-tensioning
Humidification and condensation in exterior walls are minimized by providing:
Building paper sheathing and space filled
Corrugated metal or concrete barrier walls installed around a basement window to hold back the earth
Area Wells
Type of slab when the ratio of short span to the long span of a slab is less than 0.50
One-Way Slab
Tar paper. Installed under the roof shingles
Felt
Longitudinal beams which rest on the top chord and preferably at the joints of the truss
Purlins
The section of which the moment changes from positive to negative
Inflection Point
Narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the same plane
Batten
A wood or plywood piece used to fasten the ends of two members together at a
Fish Plate or Gusset Plate
The stressing of unbounded tendons after concrete has cured
Post-tensioning
The boxing in of covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam
Beam Blocking
Pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the presence of water in the soil
Atmospheric Pressure
Window which projects outside the main line of a building and the compartment in which it is located extends to the floor
Bay Window
Joint employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls
Control Joints
Joint used for adjoining existing building to new building
Expansion Joint
Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed against it
Cold Joint
Joint used when vertical and horizontal surface is reinforced concrete where concreting was stopped and continued later
Construction Joint
Joint that is a straight groove which is used on concrete floors to “control” where the concrete should crack
Control Joint
Joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by riveting, soldering or brazing
Lap Seam
Interior paint that contains a high proportion of pigment and dries to a flat/ lusterless finish
Flat Paint
Filipino term for horizontal stud
Trabe-Anzo
Filipino term for floor joist
Soleras
Filipino term for rabbet
Vaciada
Filipino term for plastered course
Kusturada
Filipino term for bottom chord
Tirante
Filipino term for purlin
Reostra
Filipino term for eave
Alero
Filipino term for top chord
Tahilan
Filipino term for temper (metal work)
Poleva
Filipino term for plumb line
Hulog
Filipino term for projection
Bolada
Filipino term for rafter
Kilo
Filipino term for baseboard
Rodapis
Filipino term for alignment
Asintada
Filipino term for bath tub
Baniera
Filipino term for brace
Pie De Gallo
Filipino term for cast iron
Pundido (parang manny)
Filipino term for contractor
Kontratista (yeah!)
Filipino term for downspout
Tubo de Banada
Filipino term for pattern
Plantilya
Filipino term for mortar
Paupo
A steel plate attached to both sides at each joint of a truss
Gang Nail Plate
Climatic factor that is considered in the structural and architectural design of tall buildings
Lightning
Dry walls are customarily finished
Lath and Plaster
One method of leveling batterboards without the transit is the use of
1/4 Ø plastic hose filled w/ water
Manual method of squaring the corners of a building lines in building layout
3-4-5 multiples with the use of steel tape measure
The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood
Grain
The most common materials used for roofing of urban residential houses
G.I. Sheets
Block or panel type insulating material used in flat roof of commercial or industrial building
Corkboard
Standard size overlap for corrugated G.I. roofing
1 1/2 corr
A continuous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etc.
Chase
Building stone of igneous origin and composed of quartz, hornblende and mica
Serpentine
Form of brick bond which is composed of alternating courses of headers and stretchers
English Bond
Form of brick bond which is composed entirely of stretchers
Running Bond
Form of brick bond which is a variation of a running bond with a full course of headers at regular intervals
Common Bond / American Bond
Form of brick bond in which each course is alternately composed of entirely of headers or of stretchers
Flemish Bond
A notch cut in the end of a rafter to permit it to fit flat on a wall and on the top, doubled, exterior wall plate
Heel Cut
A geological or ground condition considered in determining the size and type of foundation of the building
Soil Bearing Pressure
Materials excellent as vapor barrier in the roofing system of residential buildings
Aluminum Foil Sheets
The chief structural materials, used for tall buildings
Reinforced Concrete and High Grade Steel
Material that holds less moisture, is very light, less water absorptive capacity and is very good in sidings of dwelling units
Asbestos-Cement Shingles
The finished frame surrounding a door
Door Jamb
A door lock with a spring bolt controlled by one or both knobs and dead bolt controlled by a key
Knob Bolt
Door consisting of two separate leaves, one above the other, this leaves may operate independently or together
Dutch Door
A twisting force
Torsion
The appearance concrete makes when rocks in the concrete are visible and where there are void areas in the foundation wall, especially around concrete foundation windows
Honey Combs
A barrier or diaphragm formed to prevent the movement of soil to stabilize foundation
Sheet Piling
Refers to the term stone-cut
Wood Siding
Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns
AA
Chord splice connectors for trusses
Split-Ring
A specialized fastener used to pull on to hold mitered joints together
Clamp Nail
Most waterproofed type of mortar joints for wall
Weathered
Rafters laid diagonally from corner of a plate or girts to the ridge
Hip Rafter
The horizontal boards nailed to corner post to assist in the accurate layout of foundation and excavation lines
Batter Boards
Columns in which a concrete core is reinforced with a steel or cast-iron core designed to support a part of load
Composite Column
Instrument or tool capable of vertical and horizontal line check
Spirit Level
A three-dimensional structural system without bearing walls composed of interconnected laterally supported so as to function as a complete self-contained unit with or without the aids of horizontal diaphragms or floor-bracing system
Space Frame
The metal latch plate in a door frame into which a doorknob plunger latches
Keeper
The appropriate painting material type for wood surfaces
Zinc Chromate
Coating of commercially made corrugated G.I. sheets, ga. 26, having standard corrugation
Aluminum Coating
Wood flooring finishing material
7 & 6 Wood Planks
A common paint film defect where progressive powdering from the surface inward occurs
Chalking
Time required for the removal of a form works of a concrete footing
24 hours
Wall partition wooden framing
Studs
The appropriate paint material for G.I. sheet roofing
Acrylic Latex Paint
The paint finishing material of long-span pre-painted roofing sheet
Acrylic Paint
Hardware used to fasten corrugated asbestos cement roofing sheet on a steel purlin
L Hook Bolt
Hardware used to fasten an asphalt strip roof shingle on wooden sheets/planks
Staple Wire
A type of concrete floor which has no beam
Flat Slab
Tool used for guiding and testing the work to a vertical and horizontal position
Level Tool
Tool for testing and for framing work
Steel Square
Vertical surface on face of a stair step
Riser
The complete records of test conduction (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after completion of the projects for a period of not less than
2 years
Nominal 1” - 2” thk members connecting opposite roof rafters to stiffen the roof structure
Collar Beam
Thickness of a wood plank
2” to 5”
Distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight
Run
A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on solid wood
Portable Hand Router
A mixture of sand and stone and a major component of concrete
Aggregate
The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system
Girder
A wall supporting no load other than its own weight
Nonbearing Wall
A wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight
Load Bearing Wall
A wall that holds back on earth embankment
Retaining Wall
A wall which supports vertical loads in addition to its weight without the benefit of a complete vertical load carrying space frame
Bearing Wall
A non-bearing wall built on a concrete floor
Floating Wall
It is designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the wall
Shear Wall
The occupancy load which either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all
Live Load
Distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks
Effective Length
The most important component to determine the strength of a concrete mix
Cement
The total of all the tread widths in a stair
Total Run
A pit in a basement floor made to collect water into which a pump is placed to pump the liquid to the sewer pipe
Sump Pit
The pre-construction of components as a part of a whole
Prefabrication
An opening in the roof for admitting light
Skylight
Wood coming out from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves
Softwood
A kind of brick used for high temperature
Firebrick
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for finish trim around openings and near the base of the wall
Plaster Ground
Distance between two structural supports
Span
Scientific name for wood
Xylem
A small member which divides the glass or openings of sash or doors
Muntin
Roof that has four sloping sides
Hip Roof
Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion
Rip-rap
A tough used for carrying off water
Moat
The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete
Stripping
A structural member spanning from truss-to-truss or supporting rafters
Purlin
A threaded steel bent inserted of masonry construction for securing wood or metal plates to concrete construction
Anchor Bolt
A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to bear the weight of the walls above the opening
Lintel
The placing of glass in windows or doors
Glazing
Another word for handmill on a stair construction
Banister
A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials
Lap Joint
The most common type of hinge where one leaf attaches to the door’s edge, the other to its jamb
Butt Hinge
Lumber that still contains moisture or sap
Green Lumber
The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof
Valley
A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters
Facia
A large heavy nail
Spike
Underwater watertight chamber to allow construction work to be done
Caisson
Lumber specification S4S
Smooth on four sides
The term used to indicate top and lower principal member of a roof or bridge truss
Chord
Strips of hardwood, usually 2x2” laid over a concrete slab floor
Wood Saddle
Miter square is a guiding and testing tool that has a permanent blade set
45
A beveled metal tongue operated by a spring-loaded knob or lever
Latch
A wall that serves two (2) dwelling units, known also as party wall
Common Wall
The hardware on a door to accommodate the knob and lockset keyhole
Escutcheon
The material used for the process of making watertight the roof intersection and other exposed areas on the exterior of a building
Flashing
A short wood bracket or cantilever that supports an overhang portion of a roof
Lookout
The term to describe the putting up of the skeleton of the building
Formworks
Wedge-shaped stone of an arch
Keystone
Fireproof door with metal covering
Kalomein Door
The triangular, decorative and supporting member that holds a mantel or horizontal shelf
Corbel
Lumber that is not squared or finished
Milled Lumber
A round steel bolt embedded in concrete or masonry use to hold down machinery, steel columns or beams, casting, shoes, beams plates and engine heads
Foundation Bolt
Simplest type of fiber carpet weaving where pile forms as the wrap yarns loop over removable “wires” inserted consecutively across the loom
Velvet
A pretreatment of poured concrete such as walls beams and columns where a thin layer of lean cement grout mixed with flexible base additives is splattered by tampico brush or masonry spoon to the surface to give a “tooth” for excellent plaster adhesion
Scratch Coat
A special coating system with a high gloss shine while maintaining the natural wood qualities, maintenance free, used to finish and topcoat wood flooring
Polyurethane Floor Coating
A type of wood end joint where both wood are cut at equal angles diagonally
Scarf
A type of terazzo floor described by its physical appearance whereby the stone or pebble is intentionally exposed while the cement matrix is depressed
Standard Terazzo
An extension of a rafter beyond the wall line
Outrigger
A type of window where the ventilating sash rotates 90 degrees to 180 degrees about the header and sill or about the side jamb
Pivoted Window
Used to fill a joint with mastic or asphalt plastic cement to prevent leaks
Caulking
Type of joint is used to install a glass into a lite of a French window
Rabbet
Water-mixed productwith a ratio of 1:20 to stabilize lime activity in new masonry surface
Masonry Neutralizer
A crosswise groove at the end of a board
Notch
Shutter proof opaque glass used to construct a door with glass to allow natural light only
Figured Wired Glass
The act of excavating or filling of earth or any sound material or combination thereof, in preparation for a finishing surface such as paving
Grading
Adjustable metal column used to support a beam or bearing point
Monopost
One of a series of parallel framing members used to support ceiling loads and supported in turn by larger beams, girders or bearing walls
Ceiling Joist or Roof Joist
A floor finish commercially size 1” x 12” x 12” utilizing clay and fired in traditional manner making interesting and attractive rustic clay shade patterns
Vigan Tiles
Steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or a bundle of such elements, used to impart prestress to concrete
Tendon
The upper member of a column, pilaster, door cornice, molding, or fireplace
Cap
A trim board that is installed beneath a window sill
Apron
A unit of measure for lumber equal to 1 inch thick by 12 inches wide by 12 inches long
Boardfoot
Frames of wood or metal enclosing part (or all) of a window sash
Casement
The replacement of excavated earth into a trench around or against a basement or crawl space foundationwall
Backfill
Frame lumber installed between the wall studs to give additional support for drywall or an interior trim related item, such as handrail brackets, cabinets, and towel bars
Backing
Window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and swings open like a normal door
Casement Window
Horizontal beam rafter that supports shorter rafters
Barge
Window space projecting outward from the walls of a building
Bay Window
Bonding together two or more layers of materials
Laminating
Bottom horizontal member of an exterior wall frame which rests on top a foundation, sometimes called sill plate
Mudsill
Small-diameter, pre-drilled hole that guides a nail or screw
Pilot Hole
A joist that runs around the perimeter of the floor joists and home
Rim Joist
In a building frame, a structural element that is shorter than usual, as a stud above a door opening or below a window sill
Cripple stud
Carpentry joint by 2 uneven timbers,each of which is notched at the place where they cross
Cogged joint
A step usually lowest in a flight, having one or both ends rounded to a semi-cricle and projecting beyond the face of the stair string/s
Bull-nosed step
A massive concrete wall that resists overturning by virtue of its own weight
Gravity wall
n masonry, a hard stone or brick used to reinforce an external corner of a wall
Quoin
A type of half lapped joint used to resist tension
Scarf joint
One of a number of short vertical member often circular in section to support a stair handrail
Baluster
The arrangement and design of window in a building
Fenestration
What concrete block that is used in making a corner of an anchor wall
Fig. A-1
Lateral ties used for 36mm main bars for column is
12mm
Portion of a beam where bending moment changes from positive to negative
Inflection point
A brick laid on its edge so that its end is visible
Rowlock
A short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or screwed to butting pieces in order splice them together
Scab
Diagonal bracing in pairs between adjacent floor joist to prevent the joist fro twisting
Cross bridging
A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam
Web
A small finishing nail is called
Brad
A roof wherein the four sides are sloping towards the center terminating at a point
Pyramid roof
A metal sheet used to connect girder and floor joist at the same level
Stirrup
A slender structural unit introduced onto the ground to transmit load to underground strata
Pile
Brick set on end with the narrow side showing is called
Soldier
Finely divided solid particles added to the vehicle to contribute color and durability to paint
Pigment
End lapping of corrugated G.I. roofing sheets
30cm
Inclined structural member that supports the steps of a stair
Carriage
Structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance
Channel
Hooked end of a 12mm stirrups
6cm
Which among the concrete block is the header block
Fig B-2
A device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to form a milter joint
Miter box
The best and accurate tool for guiding the work in establishing a horizontal level
Plastic hose w/ water
Minimum thickness of suspended R.C. slab
100mm
Total board foot of 10 pcs. 2”x2”x12’
40 bd.ft.
Which among the brick work is a common flemish bond
Fig. C-3
Xyladecor is a product of
Boysen
Wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight
Load bearing wall
The distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks
Effective length
The amount of space measured in cubic units.
Volume
A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete
Stirrups
The most important component to determine the strength of concrete
Cement
Another term for plaster board
Gypsum board
The face or front of a building
Façade
An opening in the roof for admitting light
Skylight
Wood coming from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves
Soft wood
A kind of brick used for high temperature
Fire brick
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for finish trim around opening and near the base of the wall
Plaster ground
The distance between two structural supports
Span
Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion
Rip-rap
Hammer is a
Striking tool
Which among the finger joint is the hidden dove tail
Fig. D-2
The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete
Stripping
A structural member spanning fron truss to truss or supporting rafters
Purlins
Steel bent inserted in masonry construction for scouring wood or plates to concrete const
Anchor bolts
A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to bear the weight of the walls above the opening
Lintel
The placing of glass in windows and doors
Glazing
A rejected building material because of its below standard grade
Cull
A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials
Lap joint
Lumber that still contains moisture or sap
Green lumber
The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof
Valley
A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters. It is part of the cornice
Fascia
A large heavy nail is referred to as
Spike
What is the scientific name of wood
Xylem
A wall that holds back on earth embankment
Retaining wall
The term used to indicate top and lower principal member of a roof or bridge truss
Chord
Strips of hardwood usually 2”x2” laid over a concrete slab floor
Sleeper
A vertical structural member which acts as a supporting element in a wall or partition
Stud
Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operated machine
Tyrolean finish
Curing of concrete or mortar without the gain or loss of heat during the curing period
Adiabatic curing
A floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride
Vinyl tile
The permanent deformation of a materials under a sustained load
Creep
The vertical face of a stair
Riser
Groove extended along the edge or face of the wood member being cut parallel to grain
Plough
The stressing of unbonded tendons after concrete has cured
Post-tensioning
A brick whose face has been hacked to resemble roughly hacked stone
Ashlar brick
A type of tape used in finishing joints between gypsum board
Perforated tape
Employed to reduce restraint by accomodating movement of masonry walls
Control joint
A window sash which opens inward and is hinged at the bottom
Hopper
Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric pattern
Parquet
Anchor bolts and strap are molded out of
Wrought iron
Common hardware fastener for truss braces
Lag screw
Sealer type of washer for G.I. roofing sheets
Lead
Trade name for anti-termite surface application on wood
Solignum
Retarders or accelerators concrete setting
Admixture
Coated with zinc
Galvanized
Technical term for earthquake
Seismic
Vertical frame of paneled door
Stile
Fascia between floor and wall
Baseboard
Cement, sand, and water
Mortar
Filipino term for framework
Balangkas
Filipino term for bottom chord
Barakilan
Filipino term for collar
Sinturon
Filipino term for plastered course
Kusturada
Filipino term for purlins
Reostra
Filipino term for wainscoating tiles
Asolehos
Filipino term for wrought iron strap
Platsuela
Filipino term for ceiling joist
Kostilyahe
Filipino term for door fillet
Batidora
Filipino term for girder
Guililan
Filipino term for masonry fill
Lastilyas
Filipino term for downspout
Tubo de banada
Filipino term for cabinet hinge
Espolon
Filipino term for brace
Pie de gallo
Filipino term for bathtub
Baniera
Filipino term for temper (metal work)
SUBAN
Horizonatal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the knob or lock cylinder
BACKSET
A principal member of a truss
CHORD
Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operatingn machine
TYROLEAN FINISH
A roofing tile which has the shape of “S” laid on its side
PANTILE
A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility
WROUGHT IRON
Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed
COLD JOINT
Has high compressive strength but low tensile strength
CAST IRON
Horizontal surfaces on which the stone units lie on course
BED
That part of the foundation for a building which forms the permanent retaining wall of the structure below grade
FOUNDATION WALL
The boxing in or covering a joist beam or girder to give appearance of a larger beam
BEAM BLOCKING
A system of framing building in which floor joist of each storey rest on the top plates of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each storey
WESTERN FRAMING
Pressure equivalent to that exerted on a surface by a column of a water at a given height
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Fashion tone ceiling tiles manufacturer
ACI INSULATION
Pre painted longspan roofing manufacturer
JACINTO COLOR STEEL
Combination of aluminum foil, installed beneath the ceiling under G.I. Roofing
THERMAL INSULATION
Anodizing gives aluminum oxide coating by means of this
ELECTROLYTIC ACTION
Use of aluminum sheets is not allow in this material
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
A brand name of asbestos roofing
PLACA ROMANA
Anchor bolts and column straps are made of this
STEEL
Tradename for plastic materials
FORMICA
First group of wood used as shoring
TANGUILE
Minimum thickness of footing according to NBC
250mm
A passageway of a chimney
FLUE
A defects in softwood consist of an opening in the grain that contains pitch or resin
PITCH POCKET
Lumber defects caused by broken twigs
KNOTS
They are used for unpainted surfaces or those to be repainted after most of the original paint has been removed
PRIMER SEALER
Concrete mixed ideal for road pavement and waterproof structure
AA
Lumber defects due to the effects of fungi
MOLDS AND STAINS
To coat steel or iron by immersing in a bath of zinc
GALVANIZING
A boring bit having a conical shaped cutter to accommodate the head of the screw
COUNTERSINK
A metal plate attached to the face of a door, around the shaft for the door knob
ROSE
The process of marking wood, metal bricks using pointed material
SCRIBE
A brand of liquid solution of pigment in suitable vehicle of oil, organic solvent or water
DAVIES
A building material made of fused silica with alkaline bases, drawn up with a metal bar from a tank
GLASS
A low wall around a chalet type house
ZOCALO
Common hardware fastener for truss braces
LAG SCREW
A material which provides a seal as a result of pressure between he faces of a joint
COMPRESSION SEAL
The cross bar of a panic exit device; serves as a push bar to actuate the panic hardware
CRASH BAR
Rock volume to collect water in retaining wall
BLEEDER MASS
A horizontal timber which serves as a base for the stud in a stud partition
SOLEPLATE
One of the outer structural member of a frame; as at the outer edge of a door or a window sash
STILE
A tradename for for anti-termite surface application on wood
SOLIGNUM
A roofing material having a galvanized steel as base with acrylic overglazedd
COLOROOF
Concrete with low cement content
LEAN
Pre-casted custom designed architectural panel with specially designed waterproof joints
FLOOR PANEL
A barrier or diaphragms formed to prevent the movement of the soil, to stabilize the foundations
SHEET PILE
A fireproof door with metal covering
KALAMEIN
Comes from decidous or broadleaf trees and are typically used for flooring, stairs, paneling, furniture and interior form
HARDWOOD
The evergreens and are used for general construction relatively soft and easy to cut and work
SOFTWOOD
Used for posts, girder, jambs attached to concrete and also for wooden decks
YACAL
Finest wood for furniture
TINDALO
Used for paneling and plywood veneer
DAO
Tanguile like for framing chests, jewel boxes, stair frames
KAMAGONG
Philippine mahogany for framing chests, stair, frame
WHITE LAUAN
Used for framing joist, truss
APITONG
Most expensive used for furniture and paneling, flooring, door pnels, stairs
NARRA
The most common lumber in the market; used generally for framing, joists, nailer, studs
TANGUILE
Used for paneling
ALMACIGA
The hard cross grained mass of wood formed in a trunk at the place where a branch
KNOTS
A crack due to natural causes occuring in timber; includes ring shakes, cup shakes heart shakes, star shakes and wind shakes
SHAKES
A defects in softwoods; consist of an opening in the grain that contains pitch or resins
PITCHPOCKETS
A cracks that extends completely throug a piece of wood or veneer
SPLIT
A small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and across the rings, usually caused by shinkage during drying
CHECK
Distortion in shape of parallel plane surface
WARP
A round edge or bark along an edge at a corner of a piece of lumber; usually caused by sawing too near the surface of the lag
WANE
The decay of seasoned wood caused by fungi of a type capable of carrying water into the wood they infest
DRY ROT
1 inch x 12 inches x 1 foot of length
1 BOARD FOOT
Thickness x Width x Length / 12
BOARD FOOT FORMULA
1” TO 1 1/2” thk and wider
BOARDS
2” to 4” thk
DIMENSION LUMBER
5” x 5” and larger
TIMBERS
A bi-product of wood where waste wood boards are compressed finishes on both sides with a thin layer of wood, glued together with industrial glues
PLYBOARD
Hip roof support
JACK RAFTER
Another term for plaster board
GYPSUM BOARD
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as a guide and support for finish trims around openings and near the base of the wall
TRIMMING GUARD
Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion
RIPRAP
Strips or hardwods usually 2” x 2” laid over a concrete slab floor
SLEEPERS
Steel window section for muntins
Z BAR
A hardener mixture mixed with marble dust to fill-up the gap of marble slabs during installatiuon of floor or wall finishes
POLYMER
A type of handless lockset key operatd to give double security
DEAD BOLT LOCK
Admixture that impart color on concrete
TRUSCON
Tension is placed on the reinforcing prior to the placing of the concrete
PRE-TENSIONED CONCRETE
Subjecting reinforcement bars, tendons to tension on a stress bed prior to concrete pouring
PRE STRESSING
The soil or rock directly beneath the footing
FOUNDATION BED
Minimum time required for removing the form for sides of beams and girders
3 DAYS
To improve the water repellant qualities of cement in concrete mixing
SAHARA
A paint defects causes by applying a finish coat over too damp a base coat
BLISTERING
A type of concrete floor which has no beam
FLAT SLAB
A 2” to 5” thick piece of lumber
WOOD PLANK
A flat glass sheet possesing high quality polished, smooth surface
FLOAT GLASS
A protein; the chief nitrogenous ingredient of milk
CASEIN
A type of roofing materials made from semi solid mixture of complex hydrocarbons derived from coal of petroleum and before installation dissolved in solvent, emulsified, heated to liquid
ASPHALTIC
The tradename for flouroplastic which is transparent to opaque in character and is used primarily for electrical fixture and pipe sealing
TEFLON
The chemical reaction between cement and water which produces hardened cement
HYDRATION
The process of striking the concrete in order to bring the surface to the required grade
SCREEDING
Temporary structure used to support a permanent structure during its erection and until its become self supporting
FALSEWORK
An excavation whose length greatly exceeds its width
TRENCH
A type of steel that develops a protective oxide coat on its surface upon exposure to the elements so that the painting is not required for protection
WEATHERING STEEL
A pattern bond with alternate strechers and headers in each with headers centered over stretchers in the course below
FLEMISH BOND
Such as barite, magnitite and steel punching and is used primarily for nuclear radiation shielding
HEAVYWEIGHT
A type of scaffold which has one line of standard to support the outside of the scaffold deck, while the inside edge is supported from the wall being built
PUTLOG SCAFFOLD
A portland cement specification
ASTM C 150
A clad aluminium sheet used for standrad corrugated, ribbed or V-beam section and various embossed pattrens for industrial roofing and curtain wall sheets
ALCLAD
A common paint film defect where progressive powdering from the surfaces inward occurs
CHALKING
Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric patterns
PARQUET
A special coating system with high gloss shine while maintaining the natural wood qualities, maintenance free, used to finish topcoat and wood flooring
POLYURETHANE FLOOR COATING
A type of plastic rigid to flexible, translucent to opaque and is used in insulation, siding, wood imitation, flooring and piping
PVC
The paint materials used for sealing, filling, correcting surface defects on wood surfaces
GLAZING PUTTY
A type of cement that provides 190% of type I strength after one day curing and also produces about 150% of the heat of hydration of normal cement during first seven days
TYPE III HIGH EARLY STRENGTH
The process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates and additives prior to concrete mixing
BATCHING
Minimum slump recommended for mass concrete
2 to 5 INCHES
The placing of concrete using pneumatic pressure of dry mix concrete or mortars
SHOTCRETE
A standing position of brick construction having length and height as the exposed surface
SOLDIERS
A process employed to reduce the amount of free water present in plastic concrete after the concrete has been placed and screen
VACUUM DEWATERING
An electrolytic process in which the aluminum is emmersed in a specific acid solution through which a direct current is passed between the aluminum and the solution
ANODIZING
The substance in the paint which gives continuity and provides adhesion to the surface or subtrite
VEHICLES
A more substantial framework progressively built up as tall building rises up
STAGING
No. 5 designation of a bar
16mm
A water tight structure or chamber within which work is carried on in building foundation or structures below water level
CAISSON
A wood defect that is a small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and across the rings, usually caused by shrinkage during drying
CHECKS
Bolts w/c incorporate torque control groove so that the stem breaks under a specified torque
TENSION SET BOLTS
A soil condition where the soil material is in the natural state before the disturbamnce
BANK
The process of increasing the density of a soil by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer together, thereby expelling the air from the void spaces
COMPACTION
A special form of cast in place concrete pile in which an enlarged based is formed during driving
BULB PILE
A beam usually distributed horizontal forces to footings
TIE BEAM
A type of glass produced by heating annealed glass almost to the melting point and then chilling it rapidly which is 3 to 5 times stronger than ordinary glass
TEMPERED GLASS
A type of paint that produces a very smooth and glossy surface and sometimes referred to as pigmented lacquer
DUCO
A horizontal layer of mortar on which bricks are laid
BED JOINT
Walls made up of two masonry wythes separated by an air space 2” (50mm) or more in width and tied together by metal ties
CAVITY WALL
A type of soft formwork with no shoring along its span and is supported instead of trusses frames along its span and shoring on both ends
FLYING FORM
Class AA concrete mixture ratio
1: 1 1/2 : 3
A column usually reinforced concrete, constructed below the ground surface
PIER
A defect in lumber which is round edge or bank along an edge at a corner of a piece of lumber, usually caused by sawing too near the surface
WANE
A liquid component of a paint to increase its fluidity, they volatize or evaporated during drying and not became part of the film
SOLVENTS
A plate usually wood used to anchor a stair to concrete
KICKER PLATE
A type of settlement that cause the grade slab to bend upward due to wet soil expansion
EXPANSIVE SOIL HEAVING
A special type of paint made with varnish as the vehicle, applied in wood and metal
ENAMEL
Whitish powder that forms on the surface of bricks or stone walls due to evaporation of moisture or containing salts
EFFLORESCENCE
The most widely used type of building brick which is made of natural sand and clay or shale
KILN BURNED BRICKS
A vertical joints between brick wythes
COLLAR JOINT
A paint defect coat by soft undercoat, forming shallow cracks at closely spaced but irregular interval
CHECKING
It is not a vehicle of paint
EMULSIFIERS
A double unit glass
INSULATING GLASS
A pattern consisting of stretcher or running bond six or seven courses with a course of headers laid perpendicular to the stretcher course
COMMON BOND
Additive used to ensure that all particles of cement and water are mixed thoroughly in a concrete setting
DISPERSAL AGENT
Flouropolymers, powder coatings, siliconized acrylics and polyesters are these types of coatings for aluminium
LAMINATED COATING
A process of coating steel products by immersing them in a bath of motten zinc after cleaning them
ANODIZING
Another term used for ASTM A572 high strength low alloy. It is a structural steel which uses a natural form of oxidation for protective coating
WEATHERING STEEL
A rigid frame which is done by welding together its two spanning members, both are connected homogenously to the vertical column members fastened conventionally to the concrete pedestal
TWO HINGED FRAME
Steel plate under the end of a beam used to distribute the end reaction where the beam rests on a masonry or concrete support
BEARING PLATE
Used as a dry sheet to protect wood sheating from dripping asphalt, usually composed of combination of felted papers, shredded wood fibers and asphalt saturated
TARRED FELTS
A type of surfacing in built-up roof where a flood coat of bitumens is applied over the top ply and a layer of aggregate is applied while the flood coat is hot
GRAVEL SURFACING
Unitary roofing materials which are similar to shingles except that they are split out
SHAKES
An incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks into the large segments, the edges of which breakaway from the surface while the center remains attached.Usually due to repeated application of new coats over old coats
ALLIGATORING
Discoloration of coating caused by solube color in the underlying surface,may be prevented by applying an impermeable undercoating
BLEEDING
Formation of blisters or pustules in coating, may be due to underlying spots of grease,the sun during the process of drying
BLISTERING
Progressive powdering from the surface inward
CHALKING
Loss of luster, due to insufficient or defective undercoat, improper filling of wood
DEADENING
Clouding of the laquer film through precipitation of moisture in the film
MOISTURE BLUSH
Rough appearance resembles very closely the peel of the orange, improper surface cleaning
ORANGE PEEL
Indicate imperfect attachment to the surface; due to dampness, greasy surface and moisture
PEELING
As it called, changes in atmospheric conditions during application over sweating or incompletely dried undercoats, spots of grease or soap
PINHOLING
Irregularities of surface due to uneven flow of varnish or paint, too much varnish, inc brushing
RUNS AND SAGS
Adhesive property of incompletely dried coating, it is caused especially in the refinishing of old work, over unclean or greasy surface
TACKINESS
Due to applications of few heavy coats for more thin ones, due to cold weather
WRINKLING
The loss of color of a paint film through exposure to sunlight and weather
FADING
What is the standard weight of 8mm hot weld deformed bar
0.396 KILO
What is the standard weight of 10mm hot weld deformed bar
0.616 KILO
What is the standard weight of 12mm hot weld deformed bar
0.888 KILO
What is the standard weight of 16mm hot weld deformed bar
1.580 KILOS
What is the standard weight of 20mm hot weld deformed bar
2.466 KILOS
What is the standard weight of 25mm hot weld deformed bar
3.854 KILOS
What is the standard weight of 28mm hot weld deformed bar
4.834 KILOS
What is the standard weight of 32mm hot weld deformed bar
6.314 KILOS
What is the standard weight of 36mm hot weld deformed bar
7.992 KIOS
What is the standard weight of 40mm hot weld deformed bar
9.866 KILOS
Is used for general concrete construction where the special properties are specified
TYPE I
Is for use in general concrete construction exposed to moderate surlfate action or where moderate heat of hydration is required
TYPE II
is used where high early strength is required
TYPE III
is used where low heat of hydration is required
TYPE IV
is for use when high sulfate resistance is required
TYPE V
This is workhose of metal windows available in many combination of fixed and operating sash. Usually, the lowest light will project in and the upper ends projects out for maximum comfort
PROJECTED
Another version of the projected sash, this window provides an integral grill permitting ventilations but restricting the size of an object that can pass through the window
SECURITY
Operating sash for ease of operation
DOUBLE HUNG
It provide flush interior and exterior wall surfaces without the need for counter- balancing hardware intrinsic in the double hung window
SLIDING
A larger amount of light than ventilation is desired
COMBINATION
Vertically proportioned sash that swing outward, somewhat like a door
CASEMENT
It offers 100% ventilation combined with a degree of rain protection not attainable with casement sash
AWNING
An awning window which is reduced in to an operating louver, with a profound effect on appearance and ability to provide weatherstripping
JALOUSIE
Popular in multi-storey, AC commercial building. They usually rotate90deg up to 180deg
PIVOTED
A movable joint used to attached, support and turn a door about a pivot
HINGE
