EXCAVATION, FOUNDATION AND FOOTINGS Flashcards
excavation under this category are those construction having independent footing and hollow block wall footing where the digging of the soil for the footing extend to a depth from 1.00 to 1.50 meter and about half a meter depth for the wall footing
minor excavation
the typical depth range for digging soil for independent footings in minor excavation
1.00 - 1.50 meter
How deep is the excavation for hollow block wall footings in minor excavation?
about half a meter deep
building construction that requires wide or total extraction of the soil
major excavation
refers to the temporary molds into which concrete is poured to achieve the desired shape and structure. It supports the concrete until it gains sufficient strength to stand on its own.
formworks
a temporary structure used to support workers and materials during the construction, maintenance, or repair of buildings and other structures.
scaffolding
involves the use of temporary platforms or structures to support formwork or workers during construction. It is often used to provide access to higher levels of a building or to support formwork for concrete slabs and beams.
staging
temporary framework for supporting a structure under construction that is not yet capable of supporting itself
falsework
its function is to transfer the structural loads from a building safely into the ground
foundation
is the above the ground portion of the building
superstructure
is the habitable below ground portion
substructure
three major parts of a building
superstructure
substructure
foundation
three types of substructure
slab on fill
crawl space
basement
two basic types of foundation
shallow foundation
deep foundation
are those that transfer the load to the earth at the base of the column or wall of the substructure
shallow foundation
transfer the load at a point far below the substructure
deep foundation
is that portion of the foundation of the structure, which directly transmits the column load to the underlying soil, or rock footing is the lower portion of the foundation structure
footing
refers to the soil or rock directly beneath the footing
foundation bed
when a foundation bed is too weak to support a raft footing; when the soil mass directly below the construction is not suitable for the direct bearing of footings
pile foundation
a structural member of small cross-sectional area w/ reasonable length driven down the ground by means of hammers
pile
distribute the load of the column or wall equally among the piles
pile cap
is similar to a column footing in that is spreads the load from a column over a large enough area of soil
caissons
that part of the building foundation, which forms the permanent retaining wall of the structure below grade
foundation wall
that part of the foundation system that supports the exterior wall of the superstructure and bears directly on the column footing
grade beam
