Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APC > Summaries of experience (optionals) > Flashcards

Summaries of experience (optionals) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of lettings?

A

Commercial
Residential
Agricultural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different forms in which these are documented?

A

Commercial Lease
Assured Short Hold Tenancy
Assured Tenancy
Farm Business Tenancy
AHA tenancy
Grazing/mowing Licence
Tenancy at Will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is your understanding of the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995?

A

Reformed the AHA 1986 act to allow for more flexible agricultural tenancies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 govern?

A

Business Property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did the Housing Act 1988 introduced?

A

Assured Short Hold and Assured tenancies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the wider economic impacts on the lettings market?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Deregulation Act 2015?

A

Bought in to combat relaitory evictions on tenants, by enforcing tighter restrctions on s.21 notices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Right to rent checks and how would you undertake them?

A

A check to ensure that the person is who they say they are and have the right to rent in this country.

I would;
- Check ID and Address
- Money Laundering checks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a how to rent Guide/checklist?

A

This guide is for tenants and landlords in the private rented sector to help them understand their rights and responsibilities. It provides a checklist and more detailed information on each stage of the process, including:

  • what to look out for before renting
  • living in a rented home
  • what happens at the end of a tenancy
  • what to do if things go wrong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is it important to provide a tenant with a how to rent checklist and EPC with their tenancy?

A

To ensure that the tenancy is valid and allows for s.21 notices to be served.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do you execute new tenancies and renewals?

A

Depends on the type of tenancy and its term. Generally executed by a qualified colleague or solicitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you handle tenants deposits?

A

Ensure that they are lodged in a Government backed scheme such as Tenancy Deposit Scheme and prescribed information is given to the tenants within 30 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do you personally under take the credit checks and how do you do this?

A

I haven’t personally undertaken credit checks as they have been outsourced. However, I would

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would you include in a schedule of condition for a residential property?

A
  • Extensive photos of the property showing any defects/issues
  • Photos of the services and location of meter, stop tap etc.
  • Condition of the garden and any outbuildings.

Ensure signed by both Landlord and Tenant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you know that the tenant is satisfied with the schedule of condition?

A

They will sign and date.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the requirements for a let residential property?

A
  • EPC or E or above
  • Valid EICR
  • Smoke and Carbon alarms
  • Gas Safety Check
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are smoke and carbon alarms required?

A
  • Smoke alarms on every habitable floor
  • CO alarms near every combustible installation
    Smoke and Carbon Alarm regulations 2022
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When might a PAT test be applicable to let residential property?

A

If it is let with white good such as fridge or washing machine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995 vary from the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986?

A

ATA allows more flexibility and landlord/tenant can agree on virtually all terms with no minimum size or term. No succession rights as within AHA 1986.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the different notice periods for FBT?

A

if the agreement is less than two years, it should end automatically.

If the agreement is over two years, a notice must be served at least 12 months before term date.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When would a tenant register a tenancy at Land registry?

A

If it is over 7 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why was the AST you drafted for only 6 months?

A

Client preference to have a short fixed term with periodic provisions, no intentions to evict but liked the flexibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the market rent for the property that previously had repairing clauses?

A

£1,000 from £350

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How did you get to the new market rent figure?

A

By looking at similar properties on the estate and considering their rental amount and also local comparables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What works were required that could have been carried out by estate staff?

A
  • Works to the driveway (potholes)
  • External render patching
  • Cosmetic works
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is strategic land and why might this impact a tenancy term length?

A

Land that is set for future development.
Needs flexibility for VP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Did you execute the 5 year FBT?

A

No, as it was to be executed as a deed.
In this case, as there was no need to register at Land registry a qualified colleagued executed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the HoTs for the commercial lease you assisted with?

A
  • Tenant and their solicitors details
  • Landlord and their solictiors details
  • Property demise
  • term
  • Rent and review clauses
  • S.24-S.28 clauses
  • break dates
  • permitted use
  • Repairs
  • Insurance
  • Alienation
  • End of tenancy
  • Other conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the importance of serving a notice under S.24-S.28?

A

To avoid falling into security of tenure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When must a notice be served under s.24-s.28?

A

14 days before the tenancy commences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Did you contract out of security of tenure in this case (fishing ponds)?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the main points of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954?

A

Regulates the relationship between landlord and tenant for commercial properties. It establishes the rights and resposbilities for each party and governs aspects such as Lease, rent reviews and compensation. The act provides security of tenure for business tenants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the relevant legislation to Health and Safety at work?

A

The Health and Safety at Work act 1974

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of insurances are contractors required to have?

A

Public Liability Insurance
Employers Liability Insurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do you ensure that residential property is fit for current and future tenants?

A

By ensuring that works are carried out to a maintainable standard and that the properties are not generic to one tenants needs.

For example, I had an elderly tenant who required a new walk in bathroom downstairs, for ease of access. I ensured that this was designed in mind for future tenants to a modern standard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How do you ensure that let residential properties are maintained appropriately?

A

By carrying out annual property inspections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What act sets out landlords obligations in regards to repairs and maintenance?

A

Landlord and Tenant act 1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What section can you find landlords repairing obligations?

A

S.11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the difference between Planned and Reactive works?

A

Planned works are generally included in an estate plan and budget. Such as replacement windows, external decorating cycle etc.

Reactive works are more immediate and generally reported by the tenant/contractor. May include remedial works following a failed EICR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Give me and example of emergency works you have actioned?

A
  • Water leaks
  • Blocked Toilets
  • Broken locks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the importance of ensuring works are invoiced when budgeted for?

A

To keep on track of estimated spend for estates and inline with money in the client account.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How do you keep in contact with contractors?

A
  • Visiting on site or on the telephone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What do you do if works are behind scheule?

A

Inform the client straight away and look to see if works can be sped along.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What would you include in your weekly update to clients?

A
  • Updates to the client on the activities on the estate throughout the week including works, any arrears, issuses with tenants etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What do you look for on property inspections?

A

Any issues in the property either caused by the tenant or general wear.
Checks of smoke and CO alarms inc dates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What legislation covers damp in homes?

A

Homes fitness for Human Habitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How would you manage works or damaged found on property inspections?

A
  • Identify the cause and refer to the tenancy agreement for responsibility
  • report to the client and obtain quotes for the works
  • Instruct works and recharge tenant is necessary.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How did you conclude that the structural works would be invasive for tenants in situ?

A
  • Structural report confirmed that works were required internally and externally which would create lots of noise and mess.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How did you serve the section 21 notice on the tenants?

A

By serving a form 6a with two months notice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How would the refurbishment allow for a higher market rent?

A

The property was in average condition and in a poor layout. A refurbishment would allow for reconfiguration to allow for better living spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Were the tenants responsible for any of the remedial works in the farmhouse?

A

Not for the structural works, but for some cosmetic works such as window replacement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the legal requirements surrounding electrical testing on residential property?

A

Must have an EICR test every 5 years which must be satisfactory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What livestock where at the farm that needed someone to live there?

A

Young dairy calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Why were you required to instruct a project manager?

A

As part of my firms work policy, any works over classed as type 2 (structural in this case) were required to be managed by a project manager.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How did you regularly liaise with the parties involved in this project.

A

Regular site meetings, emails and phone calls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is a JCT contract?

A

An agreement used in construction that establishes the rights, duties and liabilities of the parties involved in the construction project

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What sort of description did you include in emails for invoices and why was this important?

A

Breif description of the works carried out since the last invoice. Important so that the client could see there was progress between the large invoice amounts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the reasons for a valuation?

A
  • Tax Planning
  • Asset Transfer
  • Secured Lending
  • Buying or selling
  • Rent review
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

When might a valuation not be red book?

A
  • Market Appraisal
  • Negotiation purposes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the purpose of the RICS red book?

A

To provide members and clients with consistency, objectivity and transparency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the standards under the RICS red book?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what is IPMS?

A

International Property Measurement Standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How would you become a RICS registered Valuer?

A

Either;

  • Do Valuation to level three and be nominated by firm

or;

  • Apply with the application form
  • Valuation based record of experience
  • Case study & CPD
  • Must be signed off by registered valuer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is your firms level of PII insurance?

A

£5 Million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What would you inlcude in a Terms of Engagement for a valuation?

A

Status and Identification of valuer
Client
Any other intended users
Purpose of Valuation
Asset to be valued
Basis of Valuation
Method of Valuation
Fee
CHP
PII

66
Q

What do you include in your valuation research prior to an inspection?

A
  • Planning history and restrictions
  • Designation checks
  • Land registry Title
  • EPC
  • Council Tax/Business Rates
  • Flood Risk
  • Radon register
67
Q

What sort of constraints may a property have?

A
  • Restrictive covenants
68
Q

What sort of planning discrepancies would you be looking for?

A
  • Construction without permission
  • Buildings change of use
69
Q

Do you inspect properties alone?

A

No - with an RICS valuer

70
Q

What would your detailed notes include on a property inspection?

A
  • The condition of the property and any relevant outbuildings
  • Services to the property
  • Measurements of rooms
  • Construction of the property
  • Access/neighbours/boundaries
71
Q

What services would you be making note of?

A
  • Electricity
  • Water (Mains/Private)
  • Drainage (Mains/Private)
  • Heating system
72
Q

What affect might the use of neighbouring property have on the value?

A

Depends on use. If the neighbouring property is used as a rubbish tip, it would likley have a detremental impact on the property value.

73
Q

How do you amend properties based on the comparables?

A
74
Q

What would you include in a secured lending valuation?

A
  • Normal Information
  • Loan details
  • Recommendation on security for lending
75
Q

What is a special assumption?

A

Assumes facts that differ to those existing on the valuation date

76
Q

What is a yield?

A

The annual return on an investment expressed as a percentage of the capital value

77
Q

What yield did you apply to the commercial property in Worcestershire and why?

A

8% as seen as low risk.

78
Q

Would the house qualify?

A

No, as not running the farming operation from there

79
Q

What reliefs would be likely on the 3 acres of agricultural land?

A

Agricultural Property Relief

80
Q

What is the average value of land in your area?

A

Pasture - £8,000 - £10,000
Arabale - £10,000 - £12,000

81
Q

What is the definition of Market Value?

A

The estimated value which a property should expect to achieve between a willing buyer and a willing seller in a open market transaction

82
Q

How do you apply a yield?

A
83
Q

What yield did you apply to the garden centre valuation?

A

10% as seen as medium risk for an investor

84
Q

What are the different methods for sale?

A
  • Private Treaty
  • Informal Tender
  • Formal Tender
  • Auction
  • Off Market
85
Q

When might someone sell their property off market?

A
  • When they already have a purchaser lined up or they are looking for more privacy then another method.
86
Q

How do you ensure that you are completely transparent when marketing a property?

A
  • Ensuring that any information relied up by the vendor is discloused in the marketing particulars.
87
Q

What information do you need to include when marketing a property

A
  • Property demise
  • Services
  • Rights of way, wayleaves and easements
  • description
  • method of sale/method of letting
  • tender deadline is appropriate
  • guide price
  • any relevant planning
  • abestos if present
88
Q

What does ‘The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008’ protect against?

A
89
Q

What are the main rules under Misleading Marketing Regulations 2008

A
90
Q

What did you include in terms of engagement for the church sale?

A
91
Q

What was the fee basis for the church sale?

A

Hourly fee plus disbursements based on time sheet recording.

92
Q

Why did you choose hourly fee?

A

Due to the amount of work involved and the nature of the sale. Unsure if it would be successful and how long negotiations would take.

93
Q

What did you include in the particulars for the church?

A
  • Description of the property
  • Boundary to be disposed of with plan
  • Tender type and deadline
  • Tenure
  • Fixtures and fittings
  • Graveyard disclaimer
  • Services
  • Local Authority
  • Veiwings
  • Health and Safety
94
Q

Why did you proceed with Informal Tender?

A
  • Gave the vendors the opportunity to understand the intended use for the property
  • Allowed a period of time for decisions and negotiations
95
Q

What did you need to consider when recommending tenders to your client?

A
  • Nature of the proposed use for the church
  • Proceedability
  • Offer amount
96
Q

What would have been the tax benefits of purchasing the land at auction for your client?

A

Agricultural Property Relief

97
Q

What sort of rental income would you have expected to see from the new land?

A

£50-£60 per acre. Limited as on the levels so floods.

98
Q

How did you look at budgets and realistic returns for the land?

A

The land was marketed at £xxxx

99
Q

Were you successful at auction?

A

Unfortunately not.

100
Q

What would you need to consider when conducting viewings at Agricultural Property?

A
  • Moving machinery
  • Livestock
  • Potential asbestos
  • Slurry Stores
  • Electric fences
101
Q

What type of Livestock Farm in Gloucestershire?

A

Breeding Ewes

102
Q

What type of agricultural systems would you typically find in your area?

A

Primarily livestock with supplementary arable.

103
Q

What types of soil types are there?

A

Clay
Silt
Loam
Peat
Chalk

104
Q

What grant payments are available?

A

Sustainable Farming Incentive
Countryside Stewardship

105
Q

What has happened to the Basic Payment Scheme?

A

It has been phased out with delinked payments from 2024 - 2027

106
Q

How might this affect farms?

A
  • new schemes require a more active management strategy
107
Q

Were there any dilapidations at the end of the tenancy?

A

No, property was in poor condition at the start of the tenancy

108
Q

How did you decide on the appropriate farming system for the holding?

A
  • The size and usability of the buildings
  • The amount of land and condition
  • Poor fencing across the entire holding
109
Q

What works were required to the buildings before re letting?

A
  • General works such a guttering, roof sheets etc
110
Q

What current regulations would affect the farm?

A

Slurry Storage Regulations - not enough capacity on the farm for requirements

111
Q

Why did you choose informal tender?

A
  • Flexibility for my client
  • Allows for some negotiations
112
Q

Why was the holding not appropriate for a start up dairy enterprise?

A
  • Due to the likely high costs that would be required for any incoming tenant
113
Q

What would establishment costs be for a start up diary?

A
  • Cost of starting a herd
  • New parlour
  • Sourcing a milk contract
114
Q

What enterprises would have been suitable to the holding?

A

Beef or sheep

115
Q

What did you include in the particulars for the property?

A
  • Description of the holding
  • Plan of the property
  • services
  • guide rent per annum
  • Rights of way, wayleaves and easements
  • Viewing arrangements
  • Agents details
  • Tender details
116
Q

How did you set the guide rent per annum?

A

Based on surrounding council holdings and wider comparable in the area

117
Q

Why did you only hold two viewing days?

A
  • No need for more, they were well advertised and bought lots of interest
118
Q

what impact did the borrowings or financial input from a tenant have on decision making?

A

Wanted to be sure that this would not affect them affording the rent

119
Q

What impact did any tenant requiring financial impact have on the decision?

A

Client was not in a position to be investing lots of money in to the holding

120
Q

Why did you need to consider the occupants of the farmhouse?

A

The farmhouse would need to be let as part of the farm business tenancy, to the tenants. We could not grant any other occupancy agreement for the house as it would give them a right to buy, under council rules.

121
Q

What did you include in the Head of Terms for the diary farm?

A
  • Landlords and tenants details including solicitors
  • Property demise
  • Term
  • Rent per annum
  • any other charges
  • Fees
  • Break clause
122
Q

Why did you send the tenancy to the solicitors for preparation as a deed?

A

Because it was over 7 years in term.

123
Q

What is the difference between a wayleave and easement?

A
124
Q

What do public and private right of ways include?

A
125
Q

What are the notice periods required under the WIA?

A
126
Q

What powers does the Gas Act 1986 enforce?

A
127
Q

What powers does the electricity act 1989 enforce?

A
128
Q

What would you do if the appropriate wayleave or easement was not in place?

A
129
Q

What practicalities for works did you consider with utility companies?

A
130
Q

What might be included in a standard compensation claim?

A
131
Q

How would you document you initial site visit before works started?

A

In a record of condition

132
Q

Why would you not rely on the utility companies record of condition?

A

May be biased as they will be the ones to be claimed against

133
Q

What is a statutory undertaker?

A
134
Q

What notice did the statutory undertaker give you to upgrade their pipes?

A

42 Days

135
Q

How did you agree an area for compound and at what rate?

A

By negotiation and practicalities on site @ £150 per week.

136
Q

Did the animals continue to graze?

A

Yes

137
Q

Why did the statutory undertaker purchaser the area taken and at what cost?

A

Purchased the land taken for ease @ £5,000

138
Q

Was any compensation due to the tenant?

A

No.

139
Q

How did the claimant spend their time?

A
  • Telephone calls with myself
  • Liasing with contractors directly
  • Letter correspondance
140
Q

How were the professional fees calculated?

A

On a time basis, supported by time sheets

141
Q

Why did the claim take 6 months?

A

Statutory undertakers agents were slow at responding and not very accommodating with negotiations.

142
Q

what did the loss include in your claim?

A
143
Q

What is the relevant legislation for property management?

A
144
Q

What does contracting out of security of tenure mean?

A

Removing the provision of the tenants having the right to renew at the end of their tenancy agreement.

145
Q

What are periodic provisions?

A

Allow a tenancy to continue on a monthly basis (or however often the rent is paid) when over the fixed term period.

146
Q

Why might you be instructed to not have a rent at market level?

A
  • When a client would like a family member or friend to stay in the property.
  • When it is an estate worker
  • In return for works carried out.
147
Q

What other notices can be served for possession on a residential tenancy?

A

S.8 notice

148
Q

Why did you give the tenants four months notice when serving their s.21 notice?

A

Because we were aware that they would not be very receiving of the notice and we hoped that this would soften the blow.

149
Q

How would the solicitors proceed with court proceedings?

A
150
Q

What are the core differences between ATA and AHA?

A

ATA is much more flexible, landlord and tenant can essentially agree on all matters with no minimum term or size. There are no succession rights granted with an ATA, unlike AHA.

151
Q

What are the succession rights under and Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 tenancy?

A
  • Two successions available when tenancy is granted before 12th July 1984
152
Q

How would you carry out a residential rent review?

A
153
Q

How would you carry out an agricultural rent review?

A
154
Q

What is a memorandum?

A

A document recording the terms agreed or other legal details. Signed by all relevant parties

155
Q

What might you expect to charge for an annual grazing and mowing licence?

A

£60-£70 an acre

156
Q

What is the renters reform bill?

A
157
Q

What effects might it have on your clients as landlords?

A
158
Q

How would you terminate an AHA tenancy?

A
159
Q

Why did the tenant disagree to the arrears?

A

Didn’t agree with the amount outstanding. Would not provided bank statements when asked for proof of payment.

160
Q

Had the tenants been served a notice to pay?

A

Yes

161
Q

Why did the local authority change their mind?

A

Due to the tenant eventually making contact and explaining his situation that he was struggling with finances.

The holding would require a lot of work if it was to be re-let and therefore it was in both parties interests.

162
Q

How did you negotiate a payment plan?

A

Negotiated an additional amount each month to be paid towards the arrears. Did this on a realistic basis that the tenant could afford.

APC (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions