Sulfonamides Flashcards
What are the indications for sulfonamides?
Urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, prophylaxis/treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, certain skin infections
What class of antibiotics do sulfonamides belong to?
Antimetabolite antibiotics (sulfa drugs) that block folic acid synthesis
What is the primary route of administration for sulfonamides?
Primarily oral (IV formulations also available)
Who should not use sulfonamides?
Patients with a known ‘sulfa allergy,’ term pregnancy, and infants under 2 months
What interaction does sulfonamides have with warfarin?
Potentiates warfarin
How do sulfonamides affect sulfonylureas?
May increase hypoglycemic effects
What is a potential effect of sulfonamides on oral contraceptives?
Can reduce oral contraceptive efficacy
What are some adverse effects of sulfonamides?
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions, photosensitivity, hematologic disturbances
What should be monitored in patients taking sulfonamides?
CBC and renal function (BUN, creatinine)
What nursing considerations should be taken for patients on sulfonamides?
Assess for rash/allergic signs, ensure full hydration, verify allergy history
What patient teaching should be emphasized for sulfonamides?
Complete the full course, report skin changes or fever, avoid excessive sun exposure
Are there any specific food or beverage restrictions for sulfonamides?
No specific restrictions noted
What lab values should be monitored for sulfonamide toxicity?
Normal CBC/renal parameters versus elevations signaling toxicity
