Sulfonamides

Question 1

What is the shape of cocci bacteria?

Answer 1

spherical

Question 2

what is the shape of bacilli baterica?

Answer 2

rod

Question 3

what is the shape of spirilla bacteria?

Answer 3

spiral

Question 4

what is the shape of vibrios bacteria?

Answer 4

comma

Question 5

what is the shape of spirochetes bacteria?

Answer 5

corkscrew

Question 6

what color does gram positive bactera stain?

Answer 6

purple

Question 7

what color does gram negative bacteria stain?

Answer 7

red

Question 8

what is the clinical name for a microbial metabolic product that kills or inihbits the growth of another microorganism?

Answer 8

antibiotic

Question 9

which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 9

penicillins and cephalosporins

Question 10

which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 10

tetracyclines

Question 11

which antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 11

fluoroquinolones

Question 12

which antibiotics inhibit metabolic compound synthesis? (antimetabolite)

Answer 12

sulfonamides

Question 13

what mechanism of resistance is classified as natural resistance?

Answer 13

intrinsic

Question 14

what mechanism of resistance is classified as results from alteration of bacterial genome via both vertical evolution and horizontal evolution? (not finishing antibiotics)

Answer 14

acquired

Question 15

what clinical term describes an antimicrobial agent that is more toxic to a pathogen than to its host?

Answer 15

selective toxicity

Question 16

trimethoprim is a _____

Answer 16

dihyrofolate reductase inihibitor

Question 17

what are sulfonamides commonly given to treat?

Answer 17

urinary tract infection

Question 18

____ & ____ biosynthesize dihydrofolic acid

Answer 18

bacteria/protozoa

Question 19

sulfonamide and sulfone antibacterials act as ____ ____ of dihydropteroate synthase

Answer 19

cometitive inhibitors

Question 20

sulfonamide competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase from incorporating ____

Answer 20

PABA

Question 21

trimethoprim ___ ____ bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 21

selectivley inihibits

Question 22

between sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which is more potent?

Answer 22

trimethoprim

Question 23

sulfonamides are considered to be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 23

bacteriostatic

Question 24

at what pKa range do sulfonamides experience maximal antibacterial effect?

Answer 24

6.7-7.4

Question 25

this type of side effect of sulfonamide results Stevens-johnson syndrome with skin eruptions and allergic myocarditis.

Answer 25

hypersensitivity

Question 26

this type of side effect of sulfonamides includes agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and hemolytic anemia

Answer 26

hematologic

Question 27

this type of side effect of sulfonamides results in patients demonstrating poor fluid intake having cyrstals in their urine

Answer 27

crystalluria

Question 28

what are the two exceptions of sulfonamides NOT being quickly absorbed and well distributed?

Answer 28

topicals for burns and ulcerative colitis (due to the need to be compartmentalized)