Beta-lactams

Question 1

gram positive cell walls are ___ complex than gram negative

Answer 1

less

Question 2

binding of beta-lactam antibiots to PBP-1 leads to

Answer 2

cell lysis

Question 3

binding of beta-lactam antibiotics to PBP-2 leads to

Answer 3

oval cells deficient in rigidity and inhibits division

Question 4

binding of beta-lactam antibiotics to PBP-3 leads to

Answer 4

abnormally long filamentous shapes and failure to produce a spetum

Question 5

binding of beta-lactam antibiotics to PBP-4-5 leads to

Answer 5

no lethal effects

Question 6

gram positive secrete the enzyme beta-lactamase ___ of the cell

Answer 6

outside

Question 7

the gram negative cell wall is ___ complex than the gram positive

Answer 7

more

Question 8

what type of penicillin can be administered orally due to it being able to survive passage through the stomach?

Answer 8

acid resistant penicillin analogues

Question 9

what characteristic of acid resistant penicillin analogues allows it to survive passage through the stomach and be orally administered?

Answer 9

EWG attached to the side chain carbonyl

Question 10

are penicillins bacterostatic or bactericidal

Answer 10

bactericidal

Question 11

what is the overall result of the MOA of penicillins?

Answer 11

CWT is permanently inhibited and the cell wall is defective (bactericidal)

Question 12

why is methicillin more resistant to Beta-Lactam?

Answer 12

Is consists of a bulky R group which shields the carbonyl and creates more resistance

Question 13

penicillin is active against gram ___

Answer 13

positive

Question 14

penicillin G is taken ___ and penicllin V is taken ___

Answer 14

intravenously/orally

Question 15

methicillin is primarily used for ____ due to it’s narrower spectrum and decreases potentcy

Answer 15

MRSA

Question 16

which penicillin derivative can treat gram positive and negative organisms and it most associated with drug induced rash?

Answer 16

Ampicillin

Question 17

which class of Beta-lactamase inhibitors are mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 17

class 1

Question 18

which class of beta-lactamase inhibitors possess broad spectrum antimicrobial activity?

Answer 18

class 2 (carbapenems)

Question 19

clavulanic acid is an _____ inhibitor of beta-lactamase

Answer 19

irreversible

Question 20

Sulbactam is an example of a class __ beta-lactamase inhibitor

Answer 20

1

Question 21

tazobactam sodium is more potent than sulbactam and is an example of a class ___ beta lactamase inhibitor

Answer 21

one

Question 22

what IV class 2 beta-lactamse inhibitor exhibits broader antimicrobial spectrum and greater potency than any other beta-lactam antibiotic and is used in combination with Cilastatin to treat UTI’s?

Answer 22

imipenem

Question 23

are cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 23

bactericidal

Question 24

what generation of cephalosporins are primarily active against gram positive cocci and are not shown to be effective against MRSA?

Answer 24

first generation

Question 25

which generation of cephalosporins show gram positive and gram negative activity?

Answer 25

second generation

Question 26

which generation of cephalosporins are primiarily used to treat multi-drug resistant nosocomial infections?

Answer 26

third generation

Question 27

____ chemical instability is associated with beta-lactam hydrolysis

Answer 27

cephalosporin

Question 28

first and second generation cephalosporins

demonstrate ____ beta-lactamase resistance

Answer 28

poor/average