Quinolones Flashcards
quinolones exhibit gram ___ activity making them good agents to treat UTI
negative
quinolones have ___ oral absorption
good
what are the most commonly used quinolones called?
6-fluoroquinolones
what do second generation quinolones treat that cephalosporins and penicillins don’t?
atypical organisms
what generation of quinolones treat gram negative organisms except pseudomonas?
first generation
what generation of quinolones have increased gram negative activity and some specificity against gram positive as well as atypical organisms?
second generation
what generation of quiniolones have activity against gram negative organisms and have extended gram positive and atypical activity?
third generation
what generation of quinolones have gram positive and negative activity, broad activity against anaerobes (dont requre oxygen), and are reserved for life/limb threatening infections
fourth generation
are quinolones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bactericidal (inhibit DNA synthesis)
what is the primary target of quinolones in gram negative bacteria?
topoisomerase II
what is the primary target of quinolones in gram positive bacteria?
topiosomerase IV
what type of topiosomerase is type I bacteria made up of?
1 and 3
what type of topiosomerase is type II bacteria made up of?
2 and 4
which topiosomerase adds negative supercoils and involves a DNA double strand break?
II
which topiosomerase adds positive supercoils and involves a DNA doubel strand break in one DNA molecule?
IV
How many alpha and beta subuntis does topiosomerase II and IV consist of?
2 of each
which type of resistance to quinolones has not be observed?
by plasmid mediated mechanisms
in gram negative bacteria there is an ___ relationship between uptake and logP, thus as lipophilicity increases (more polar), antibacterial activity decreases
inverse
in gram positive bacteria there is a ____ correlation between uptake and logP, thus as lipophillicity increases, antibacterial activity increases
direct
gram negative bacteria have ___ ___ in the outer envelope which allow reuptake of charged ions
porin channels
why do quinolones exhibit low CNS effects?
low CNS penetration
why should quinolones NOT be used in young people before puberty or in sexually active females of childbearing age?
they have been shown to cause erosion of load bearing joints in young people
why should pateints who are taking quinolones with coadministration of theophylline be monitored?
quinolones increase theophyllines action
quinolones exhibit ___ oral absorption
good
why should you avoid coadministration of quinolones and antacids, hematinics, and dairy products?
quinolones demonstrate chelating properties
