Suistainabilty Case a Studies

Question 1

Waste disposal - Nairobi, Kenya

Answer 1

Recycling is important in the everyday economy
Common for people to make use of other people’s rubbish
For example
Car tyres for cheap sandals
Washing machine doors as kitchen bowls, and their drums for storage
Food waste is fed to animals or composted for vegetable plots

Question 2

Brown Agenda Issues - Kolkata, India

PROBLEMS

Answer 2

1. Population of 4.5 million
2. Low-lying land, so squatter settlements flood easily (destroying homes but bringing disease with polluted floodwater)
3. Until recently, Kolkata had a reputation for some of the worst slums in the world
4. Mother Theresa cared for thousands of street people
5. 1960s there were about 1000 sewage related deaths p.a. from cholera, in recent years there have been very few

Question 3

Brown Agenda Issues - Kolkata, India

SOLUTIONS

Answer 3

1. Reinforcing banks of river Hooghly and attempting to stop squatting near river
2. Improved sewage disposal and water supply (not at least 1 tap per 25 busted houses)
3. Installing street lights in many bustees, widening roads and improving public transport from bustees to city centre
4. The CMDA does not work on the busted houses, the occupiers must improve their homes themselves

Question 4

Brown Agenda Issues - Cairo, Egypt

ISSUES

Answer 4

Close to river Nile, high population density (over 32000 km^-2) and high IMR (105 per 1000 live births)

1. 30% of city has no public sewage system, 55% of waste water is untreated
2. Doesn’t have extensive areas of squatter settlements, but people live in inappropriate locations, eg ‘cities of the dead’
3. Serious air pollution, caused by open traffic and open air cooking stoves
4. Waste-disposal is disorganised, in some areas it is carried out by the Zabbaleen

Question 5

Brown Agenda Issues - Cairo, Egypt

SOLUTIONS

Answer 5

1. The Great Cairo Sewerage Project
2. Provision of pipes carrying clean water in Cities of the Dead and onto roof top homes
3. Provision of low-cost housing in new satellite towns in the desert eg Ramadan 10
4. Schemes to reduce numbers of vehicles on road, in particular by extending the underground metro system
5. Organisation of a subsidised waste collection system across the city - giving the Zabbaleen funds to purchase additional carts. They could be enabled to do the entire city and therefore increase the rates of recycling of paper, plastic and metals

Question 6

Mexico City management strategy - environmental problems

CAUSES

Answer 6

1. In a basin, surrounded by mountains
2. High pressure conditions and temperate inversions trap pollutants
3. Motor vehicles produce emissions : 97% carbon monoxide, 66% nitrogen oxide
4. Industries: 35 000 with old, unregulated emissions

Question 7

Mexico City management strategy - environmental problems

PROBLEMS

Answer 7

1. Poor health record: 3000 deaths p.a. due to poor air quality
2. Schools closed for up to one month per year

Question 8

Mexico City management strategy - environmental problems

SOLUTIONS

Answer 8

1. Colour coded permits - drivers have access to the city on certain days only: this reduces vehicles by 400 000 per day
2. Air quality has improved by 15%

Question 9

Waste disposal - Harrogate and District

Answer 9

1. Fortnightly collection of cans/glasses and newspapers/magazines (no plastic recycling via household collections)
2. Reduced price composers for tax payers
3. Recycling points at large supermarkets and the municipal tip