Development Flashcards
Economic development
an increase in a country’s level of wealth. It could be accompanied by a decrease in the number employed in agriculture and an increase in those involved in manufacturing (at first) and services. There may be a greater access to, and use of, natural resources with an increase in energy use per capita. The environment is exploited in an increasingly sustainable way.
Demographic development
an increase in life expectancy and an overall fall in death rate (including the infant mortality rate) and falling birth rates.
Social development
includes a rage of changes affecting the quality of life of the population. For example, improved levels of education and literacy, access to medical care (decrease in the number of people per doctor), improved levels of sanitation, better housing and increase in personal freedom.
Political development
– freedom means that people have a greater say in who forms the government and therefore the impact that it can have on their lives.
Cultural development
greater equality of women and better race relations in multicultural societies.
Least developed countries
Countries with very low living standards: low life expectancy, high infant mortality, low levels of education. This includes a number of sub-Saharan African Countries
Developing countries
Countries undergoing the many types of development.
Newly industrialised countries
Countries in the Developing world that have undergone rapid industrialization since the 1960s
Recently Industrialising countries
Countries that have begun to develop through industrialization in the last 40 years. It is also possible to recognize a group that has only just started on this process - known as Recently Industrialising Countries (RICs)
Oil Rich Countries
These have a high GNP per head, although wealth may be concentrated in the hands of few people. Without oil, these countries would probably fall into the developing group e.g. Saudi Arabia
Centrally planned economies
Communist governments
Developed countries
The most highly developed countries, whose populations enjoy high living standards
North-South Divide
The imagined line that separates the richer countries of the north from the poorer ones in the south. First proposed by the Brandt Report in 1980. The North consists of N America, Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand
Development Gap
The difference in affluence between the richer countries and the poorer countries of the developing world. This has increased with time.
Development Continuum
This is the development process, with countries at various stages of development and developing in different ways.
