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A2 Geography > Plate Movement > Flashcards

Plate Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

Continental shelf

A

The part of the continental plate that stretches beyond the continent into the ocean

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2
Q

Tectonics

A

Relating to the plates and their involvement in the earths land masses

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3
Q

Crust

A

The thinnest layer of the earths structure. There are two types: continental and oceanic.

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4
Q

Big Bang

A

The theory States that about 13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the universe was concentrated into a single incredibly tiny point. This began to enlarge rapidly in an extremely hot explosion, and is still expanding to this day.

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5
Q

Mantle

A

Molten silicates and minerals from 2900km up, at temperatures up to 3800*c.

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6
Q

Core

A

From 2900km into the earth and down, is the size of Mars, densest part of the planet, made of rocks rich in iron and nickel

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7
Q

Mantle

A

Depth: 2900 km upwards
Mainly silicate rocks
Temperature: 3800C

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8
Q

Core

A 
Depth: 2900km to centre
Size: size of Mars
Rich in iron and nickel
Made up of semi-molten outer core and solid inner core
Temperature: can reach 5000C
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9
Q

Lithosphere

A

The crust and upper mantle

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10
Q

Asthenospere

A

Rest of mantle

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11
Q

Primary Waves

A

The first waves of an earthquake

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12
Q

Secondary Waves

A

The second waves of an earthquake

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13
Q

Suface Waves

A

Seismic wave

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14
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

Irregularly shaped ‘raft’ of lithosphere ‘floating’ on the asthenosphere

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15
Q

Oceanic crust

A

Mainly Sima

Less than 200 million years old

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16
Q

Continental crust

A

Mainly Sial

Over 1500 million years old

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17
Q

Plate margins

A

Where two plates either: move apart, move towards each other or move past each other

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18
Q

Convection currents

A

Heat from core generates currents in mantle, which drive the movement of tectonic plates

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19
Q

Continental drift

A

Theory states that all continents were once together, and have all slowly drited apart from each other (and still are)

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20
Q

Alfred Wegener

A

A geologist who came up with the theory of continental drift

21
Q

Jigsaw Fit

A

Continents that seem to fit together if places side by side

Evidence for continental drift

22
Q

Pangaea

A

Ancient supercontinent

23
Q

Glossopteris

A

Evidence for continental drift

Fossil found on two different continents (check)

24
Q

Mesosaurus

A

Permian fossil reptile found only in south west Africa and Brazil

25
Q

Sea-floor spreading

A

The sea floor is widening, evidenced by paleomagnetism

Suggested to be at 5 cm pa

26
Q

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A

Found at constructive plate margins, they are uplift features.
Formed when there is increased heat near the surface causing expanding of the crust, forming a ridge

27
Q

Paleomagnetism

A

Every 400,000 years (approx) the polarity of the earths magnetic field swaps, and the rock being formed shows this (the iron particles align with the Earths magnetic field) forming magnetic ‘stripes’

28
Q

Vine and Matthews

A

.

29
Q

Harry Hess

A

Found evidence for sea floor spreading
Found that oldest (200 million) rocks in the Atlantic were nearest to the USA and Caribbean, newest (less than 1 mil) in the centre and being formed in Iceland

30
Q

Constructive plate margin

A

Separating plates
Oceanic: either side of mid ocean ridges
Continental: creates rift valleys
Some of the earths youngest rocks (basaltic) can be found

31
Q

Submarine volcanoes

A

Volcanoes formed under the sea at lower pressures

Can continue to erupt to form islands such as Iceland

32
Q

Transform faults

A

Occur at right angles to the plate boundary as new crust forms and spreads
Can cause shallow focus earthquakes

33
Q

Great African Rift Valley

A

Rift Valley on the east of Africa stretching for a total of 5500 km

34
Q

Destructive plate margins

A

Where two plates move together, often creating a subduction

35
Q

Subduction

A

.

36
Q

Benioff Zone

A

.

37
Q

Ocean Trench

A

.

38
Q

Fold mountains

A

.

39
Q

Collision

A

.

40
Q

Island arcs

A

.

41
Q

Conservative plate margin

A

.

42
Q

Fault line

A

.

43
Q

Hot spots

A

.

44
Q

Mantle plume

A

.

45
Q

Island chain

A

.

46
Q

Sea mount

A

.

47
Q

Supervolcano

A

.

48
Q

Caldera

A

.

A2 Geography (6 decks)

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