suger histology formatives

Question 1

which structures are the most prevalent in the renal cortex

Answer 1

pct

Question 2

what is PCT lined by that allows u to distinguish from rest of nephron

Answer 2

prominent brush border of microvilli

Question 3

what is the inside and outside of glomerular capillaries lined with

Answer 3

inside: vascular endothelial cells
outside: epithelial podocytes

Question 4

which cells support the glomerulus and lie btwn capillary loops

Answer 4

mesangial cells

Question 5

what lines outside of capillaries and venules

Answer 5

pericytes

Question 6

which epithelium lines renal pelvis

Answer 6

urothelium

Question 7

which part of the kidney is particularly responsive to aldosterone

Answer 7

collecting ducts

Question 8

does the ureter have a muscular mucosa

Answer 8

no

Question 9

does the ureter have a serosa

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what is the ureter lined by

Answer 10

loose adventitia

Question 11

what is the male urethra lined by

Answer 11

prostatic/membranous - urothelium

penile - urothelium proximally and non-keratinising Strat squamous epithelium distally

Question 12

what is the outermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 12

stratum cornenum

Question 13

which layer of epidermis contains melanocytes

Answer 13

stratum basale

Question 14

which layer of epidermis contains visible desmosomes

Answer 14

stratum spinous

Question 15

which layer of epidermis synthesises keratin

Answer 15

stratum granulosum

Question 16

what are the 5 epidermis layers (deep to superficial)

Answer 16

1. stratum basale
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum corneum

Question 17

what do melanocytes synthesise melanin from

Answer 17

tyrosine

Question 18

what is colour of skin dependant on

Answer 18

amount of melanin synthesised not number of melanocytes

Question 19

where do melanocytes reside in the skin

Answer 19

in the basal layer

Question 20

what does a hair shaft consist of

Answer 20

a hair bulb and hair papilla

Question 21

what is a hair bulb

Answer 21

downward extension of epidermis into dermis

Question 22

what is a hair papilla

Answer 22

specialised part of dermis that is richly innervated and richly vascular

Question 23

what is the least common type of sweat gland

Answer 23

apocrine

Question 24

where are apocrine sweat glands found

Answer 24

puberty onwards; axillae, groins etc

Question 25

where are sebaceous glands absent

Answer 25

palms and soles

Question 26

where are leydig cells located

Answer 26

testis

Question 27

what do leydig cells secrete and what stimulates them to

Answer 27

testosterone - LH from ant pit

Question 28

are Sertoli cells phagocytic

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

how much does the normal adult human testis weigh

Answer 29

15-19g

Question 30

what does the rete testis lie btwn

Answer 30

straight tubule and epididymis

Question 31

what does the corpus spongiosum contain

Answer 31

urethra

Question 32

what are the prostate's secretions rich in

Answer 32

acid phosphatase

Question 33

do sperm mature in phosphate

Answer 33

no, in testis/epididymis

Question 34

when do gtanulosa cells proliferate

Answer 34

when stimulates by FSH

Question 35

how many primordial follicles are present in ovary at birth and how many will mature to ovulate

Answer 35

400k --> 400

Question 36

do endocrine organs have good or bad blood supply

Answer 36

good

Question 37

what are endocrine glands

Answer 37

discharge secretions directly into circulation

Question 38

what are exocrine glands

Answer 38

discharge secretions into ducts

Question 39

where is melatonin made

Answer 39

pineal gland

Question 40

where is GH made

Answer 40

ant pit

Question 41

where is prolactin made

Answer 41

ant pit

Question 42

where is renin made

Answer 42

kidney

Question 43

what do gastric chief cells secrete

Answer 43

pepsinogen

Question 44

what do thyroid c-cells secrete

Answer 44

calcitonin

Question 45

what does PTH do to serum calcium conc

Answer 45

raises

Question 46

what does insulin do

Answer 46

lowers blood glucose conc

Question 47

what does glucagon do

Answer 47

stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis to raise blood glucose conc

Question 48

what does somatostatin do

Answer 48

inhibits gastric parietal cellists slowing gastric acid secretion

Question 49

what does pancreatic polypeptide do

Answer 49

reduces gut motility | delays gastric emptying

Question 50

what does the adrenal zona fasciculate principally secrete

Answer 50

glucocorticoids eg cortisol

Question 51

what does zona glomerulosa secrete

Answer 51

aldosterone

Question 52

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 52

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 53

what is the only endocrine organ to receive its blood supply from a portal network

Answer 53

anterior pituitary