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(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions > suger histology formatives > Flashcards

suger histology formatives Flashcards

1
Q

which structures are the most prevalent in the renal cortex

A

pct

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2
Q

what is PCT lined by that allows u to distinguish from rest of nephron

A

prominent brush border of microvilli

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3
Q

what is the inside and outside of glomerular capillaries lined with

A

inside: vascular endothelial cells
outside: epithelial podocytes

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4
Q

which cells support the glomerulus and lie btwn capillary loops

A

mesangial cells

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5
Q

what lines outside of capillaries and venules

A

pericytes

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6
Q

which epithelium lines renal pelvis

A

urothelium

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7
Q

which part of the kidney is particularly responsive to aldosterone

A

collecting ducts

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8
Q

does the ureter have a muscular mucosa

A

no

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9
Q

does the ureter have a serosa

A

no

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10
Q

what is the ureter lined by

A

loose adventitia

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11
Q

what is the male urethra lined by

A

prostatic/membranous - urothelium

penile - urothelium proximally and non-keratinising Strat squamous epithelium distally

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12
Q

what is the outermost layer of the epidermis

A

stratum cornenum

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13
Q

which layer of epidermis contains melanocytes

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

which layer of epidermis contains visible desmosomes

A

stratum spinous

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15
Q

which layer of epidermis synthesises keratin

A

stratum granulosum

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16
Q

what are the 5 epidermis layers (deep to superficial)

A
  1. stratum basale
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
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17
Q

what do melanocytes synthesise melanin from

A

tyrosine

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18
Q

what is colour of skin dependant on

A

amount of melanin synthesised not number of melanocytes

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19
Q

where do melanocytes reside in the skin

A

in the basal layer

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20
Q

what does a hair shaft consist of

A

a hair bulb and hair papilla

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21
Q

what is a hair bulb

A

downward extension of epidermis into dermis

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22
Q

what is a hair papilla

A

specialised part of dermis that is richly innervated and richly vascular

23
Q

what is the least common type of sweat gland

A

apocrine

24
Q

where are apocrine sweat glands found

A

puberty onwards; axillae, groins etc

25
Q

where are sebaceous glands absent

A

palms and soles

26
Q

where are leydig cells located

A

testis

27
Q

what do leydig cells secrete and what stimulates them to

A

testosterone - LH from ant pit

28
Q

are Sertoli cells phagocytic

A

yes

29
Q

how much does the normal adult human testis weigh

A

15-19g

30
Q

what does the rete testis lie btwn

A

straight tubule and epididymis

31
Q

what does the corpus spongiosum contain

A

urethra

32
Q

what are the prostate’s secretions rich in

A

acid phosphatase

33
Q

do sperm mature in phosphate

A

no, in testis/epididymis

34
Q

when do gtanulosa cells proliferate

A

when stimulates by FSH

35
Q

how many primordial follicles are present in ovary at birth and how many will mature to ovulate

A

400k –> 400

36
Q

do endocrine organs have good or bad blood supply

A

good

37
Q

what are endocrine glands

A

discharge secretions directly into circulation

38
Q

what are exocrine glands

A

discharge secretions into ducts

39
Q

where is melatonin made

A

pineal gland

40
Q

where is GH made

A

ant pit

41
Q

where is prolactin made

A

ant pit

42
Q

where is renin made

A

kidney

43
Q

what do gastric chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

44
Q

what do thyroid c-cells secrete

A

calcitonin

45
Q

what does PTH do to serum calcium conc

A

raises

46
Q

what does insulin do

A

lowers blood glucose conc

47
Q

what does glucagon do

A

stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis to raise blood glucose conc

48
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

inhibits gastric parietal cellists slowing gastric acid secretion

49
Q

what does pancreatic polypeptide do

A

reduces gut motility

delays gastric emptying

50
Q

what does the adrenal zona fasciculate principally secrete

A

glucocorticoids eg cortisol

51
Q

what does zona glomerulosa secrete

A

aldosterone

52
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

53
Q

what is the only endocrine organ to receive its blood supply from a portal network

A

anterior pituitary

(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions (6 decks)

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