gi histology formatives

Question 1

what type of epithelia is found throughout the mouth

Answer 1

stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

Question 2

in the most 1/3 of the tongue, what does the epithelium overlie

Answer 2

a lymphoid infiltrate

Question 3

where are the circumvalate papillae

Answer 3

(form a V shape line) btwn anterior 2/3 and post 2/3 of tongue

Question 4

what do filiform papillae do

Answer 4

roughen the surface of the tongue

Question 5

what are the numerous papillae on the tongue

Answer 5

filiform papillae

Question 6

what do mucous glands have

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

what type of a gland is a parotid gland

Answer 7

purely serous

Question 8

what is the submandibular gland

Answer 8

mixed mucous and serous

Question 9

what type of glands are the sublingual, buccal and lingual glands

Answer 9

mucous

Question 10

what kind of epithelium do the mouth and oesophageal mucosa share

Answer 10

non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

what is there in the submucosa of the oesophagus

Answer 11

lymphocytes

Question 12

what is unique to the oesophagus

Answer 12

ducts

Question 13

what doesn’t the gastric antrum have that the body and funds do

Answer 13

parietal cells

Question 14

what is present in the gastric antrum

Answer 14

long crypts (lined by mucous secreting cells)

Question 15

what are the parts of the stomach (top to bottom)

Answer 15

(oesophagus)
fundus
body
antrum
pylorus
(duodenum)

Question 16

what do parietal cells secrete

Answer 16

HCl

intrinsic factor

Question 17

what does intrinsic factor do

Answer 17

plays a role in the absorption of vitamin B12

Question 18

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 18

pepsinogen

Question 19

what is pepsinogen cleaved to (and where)

Answer 19

pepsin - in the gastric lumen

Question 20

what are the villi like in the duodenum

Answer 20

broad and leaf like

Question 21

what is chyme

Answer 21

digested food that leaves the stomach

Question 22

what does the ileum look like in histology

Answer 22

has villous architecture

prominent Peyer’s patches ib submucosa and mucosa

Question 23

what is present in the ileum but not jejunum or duodenum

Answer 23

Peyer’s patches (prominent lymphoid aggregates)

Question 24

what are the 2 autonomic nerve plexuses that innervate the GI tract

Answer 24

Meissner’s plexus (submucosa)

Auerbach’s plexus (btwn layers of muscular propria)

Question 25

where does Meissner’s plexus lie

Answer 25

in the submucosa

Question 26

where does Auerbach’s plexus lie

Answer 26

btwn layers of muscular propria

Question 27

what is the colon’s muscular propria like

Answer 27

double-layered

inner circular
outer longitudinal

Question 28

how does the histology of diff parts of colon differ

Answer 28

it doesn’t - it’s the same

Question 29

what does the epithelium of the colon comprise of

Answer 29

single columnar layer of mucus-secreting enterocytes

Question 30

what lies at the centre of the classic liver lobule

Answer 30

central hepatic venue

Question 31

what is a classic lobule

Answer 31

roughly hexagonal - area drained by 1 central hepatic vein

Question 32

what are 2 functions of hepatocytes

Answer 32

bile synthesis/secretion

albumin synthesis

Question 33

what are the phagocytes of the liver

Answer 33

kuppfer cells

Question 34

what are the antigen presenting cells of the liver and where are they found

Answer 34

ito cells

space of Disse

Question 35

does the liver synthesise angiotensinogen

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

does the liver synthesise angiotensin II

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what is a bile ductule lined by

Answer 37

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 38

how are hepatocytes supported

Answer 38

meshwork of type 3 collagen (reticulin)

Question 39

what does the smooth ER of hepatocytes have

Answer 39

enzymes which inactivate drugs n toxins

Question 40

what does the rough ER of hepatocytes play a role in

Answer 40

synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 41

what do hepatocytes usually contain

Answer 41

glycogen particles

Question 42

what do Ito cells store

Answer 42

fat

Question 43

how does blood flow to the central veins

Answer 43

portal vein and hepatic artery - through hepatic sinusoids -central veins

Question 44

how much of the liver’s mood supply is from the hepatic artery

Answer 44

30%

Question 45

what is bile secreted by

Answer 45

heptocytes

Question 46

what colour do kupffer cells come up as in histology

Answer 46

blue with Perls’ stain

Question 47

what are kupffer cells derived from

Answer 47

monocytes

Question 48

which cells are derived from basophils

Answer 48

mast cells

Question 49

where do kupffer cells lie

Answer 49

hepatic sinusoids

Question 50

name 4 features of hepatocytes

Answer 50

• polygonal epithelial cells
• microvillous brush border
• may be binucleate
• abundant mitochondria

Question 51

what is the gallbladder epithelium like

Answer 51

columnar, with a prominent microvillous brush border

Question 52

how do the cells of the gallbladder concentrate bile secreted by hepatocytes

Answer 52

by absorbing water

Question 53

does the gallbladder have muscular mucosae

Answer 53

no

Question 54

what do acinar cells secrete

Answer 54

a variety of enzymes - in precursor form

Question 55

what is albumin made by

Answer 55

hepatocytes