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(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions > imms histology > Flashcards

imms histology Flashcards

1
Q

what does alcian blue stain mucins as

A

blue

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2
Q

what does H&E stain the nuclei n cytoplasm

A

nuclei blue

cytoplasm pink

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3
Q

what colour does PAS stain sugars

A

deep magenta

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4
Q

what is another word for spindle-shaped

A

fusiform

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5
Q

which type of muscle cells are spindle shaped

A

smooth muscle

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6
Q

what does columnar shape refer to

A

epithelial cells taller than wide

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7
Q

what does squamous shape refer to

A

flattened plate-like cells

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8
Q

what does polygonal shape refer to

A

irregular

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9
Q

what is the life span of rbc

A

120d

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10
Q

what is the life span of enterocytes (line gut)

A

4-5d

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11
Q

what is the lifespan of bone n tendon cells

A

years

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12
Q

what is the lifespan of myocardial and neuroscience cells

A

entire life

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13
Q

what is chromatin

A

DNA wound around histone proteins

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14
Q

what must happen to chromatin in order for it to be transcribed

A

must become decondensed

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15
Q

what is diff btwn heterochromatin n euchromatin

A

heterochromatin - DNA remains permanently condensed n never expressed (tightly coiled)

euchromatin - becomes decondensed some time in the life cycle of the cell (transcription)

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16
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

DNA transcription ( to prod ribosomal RNA)

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17
Q

where does Krebs take place

A

mitochondrial matrix

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18
Q

where does lipid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism occur

A

outer membrane of mitochondria

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19
Q

where does reps chain n ATP prod occur

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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20
Q

where does nucleotide phosphorylation (ADP –> ATP) occur

A

intermembranous space

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21
Q

what is a peri-nuclear Hoff caused by (in a plasma cell - pale area)

A

Golgi body

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22
Q

what is the function of RER

A

site of protein synthesis

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23
Q

where is membrane lipid formed

A

smooth ER

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24
Q

what does Golgi apparatus do

A
  • forms complex oligosaccharides
  • protein phosphorylation
  • proteolysis
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25
Q

what does actin form

A

microfilaments (5nm in diameter)

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26
Q

what does tubulin form

A

microtubules (25nm in diameter)

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27
Q

what is the diameter of intermediate filaments

A

10nm

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28
Q

which intermediate filament is predominantly found in muscle

A

desmin

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29
Q

where is rhodopsin found

A

retina (it’s a pigment)

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30
Q

what is haemosiderin

A

iron-containing brown pigment

31
Q

what are some types of supporting tissues

A

cartilage
bone
tendons
blood

32
Q

what are some functions of epithelia (3)

A

protection
absorption
secretion

33
Q

what type of epithelium are blood vessels

A

simple squamous

34
Q

which epithelium lines inside of blood vessels

A

endothelium

35
Q

which epithelium lines outside of lungs

A

mesothelium

36
Q

which epithelium lines abdominal organs

A

peritoneum

37
Q

do the small intestines have microvilli or cilia

A

microvilli

38
Q

what kind of epithelium do the trachea n fallopian tube have

A

lined by ciliated columnar epithelium

39
Q

what is resp epithelium like

A

pseudostratified
columnar
ciliated
epithelium

40
Q

which 2 proteins are involved in generation of ciliary movement

A

tubules

dynein

41
Q

are collagen and elastin contractile or non contractile proteins

A

non contractile

42
Q

are actin and myosin contractile or non contractile proteins

A

contractile proteins

43
Q

where are the basal cells present against

A

basement membrane

44
Q

what is the dead keratin layer

A

stratum corneum

45
Q

what is the keratohyaline granule layer

A

stratum granulosum

46
Q

where does the dermis lie

A

below the basement membrane

47
Q

what do hemidesmosomes bind

A

basal cell layer
to the
basement membrane

48
Q

a gland secreted by shedding individual cells. what type of secretion

A

holocrine

49
Q

what is it called when the cell products are released by exocytosis from apical cell surface

A

merocrine secretion

50
Q

name 3 types of exocrine secertion

A

apocrine
merocrine
holocrine

51
Q

what is endocrine secretion

A

release of products from the cell base into the blood stream

52
Q

which cells produce collagen and elastin

A

fibroblasts

53
Q

what are the visible fibres in extracellular material

A

collagen
elastin
reticulin

54
Q

what type of fibres are fibronectin and laminin

A

invisible fibres

55
Q

what 2 things form the ground substance

A

glycosaminoglycans

proteoglycans

56
Q

where is type V collagen prevalent

A

placenta

57
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

epiglottis

pinna of ear

58
Q

where is fibrous cartilage found

A

symphysis pubis

IVD

59
Q

what type of cartilage is the knee joint

A

hyaline

60
Q

what is white adipose tissue like

A

single large non-membrane-bound globules of lipid in each cell
pushing nuclei to celle edges

61
Q

what do brown adipocytes have

A

multiple fat globules

62
Q

where is brown adipose tissue abundant

A

neonates

63
Q

where is brown adipose tissue found in neonates

A

neck
back
around aorta
around kidneys

64
Q

where is brown adipose tissue found in adults

A

btwn shoulder blades

65
Q

how does brown adipose tissue play a role in thermo-regulation

A

by producing heat through metabolism of fat

66
Q

what is dense regular collective tissue characterised by

A

all collagen fibres running in the same orientation (leg and tendons)

67
Q

what kind of connective tissue does penile fascia have

A

dense irregular connective tissue

68
Q

what kind of connective tissue does artery adventitia have

A

loose irregular connective tissue

69
Q

what kind of connective tissue does dermis have

A

dense and loose irregular connective tissue

70
Q

what is penile erectile tissue like

A

numerous blood vessels

dense irregular fibrous CT bounded by a dense irregular fibrous CT fascia

71
Q

what does elastic cartilage look like histologically

A

pale faintly basophilic EC matrix that contains elastin fibres, with entrapped chondrocytes

72
Q

where is smooth muscle found

A

walls of blood vessels
walls of airways
in walls of gut, ureters, vas deferent etc

73
Q

what layer of the uterus does smooth muscle form

A

muscular layer (myometrium)

(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions (6 decks)

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