imms histology Flashcards
what does alcian blue stain mucins as
blue
what does H&E stain the nuclei n cytoplasm
nuclei blue
cytoplasm pink
what colour does PAS stain sugars
deep magenta
what is another word for spindle-shaped
fusiform
which type of muscle cells are spindle shaped
smooth muscle
what does columnar shape refer to
epithelial cells taller than wide
what does squamous shape refer to
flattened plate-like cells
what does polygonal shape refer to
irregular
what is the life span of rbc
120d
what is the life span of enterocytes (line gut)
4-5d
what is the lifespan of bone n tendon cells
years
what is the lifespan of myocardial and neuroscience cells
entire life
what is chromatin
DNA wound around histone proteins
what must happen to chromatin in order for it to be transcribed
must become decondensed
what is diff btwn heterochromatin n euchromatin
heterochromatin - DNA remains permanently condensed n never expressed (tightly coiled)
euchromatin - becomes decondensed some time in the life cycle of the cell (transcription)
what is the function of the nucleolus
DNA transcription ( to prod ribosomal RNA)
where does Krebs take place
mitochondrial matrix
where does lipid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism occur
outer membrane of mitochondria
where does reps chain n ATP prod occur
inner mitochondrial membrane
where does nucleotide phosphorylation (ADP –> ATP) occur
intermembranous space
what is a peri-nuclear Hoff caused by (in a plasma cell - pale area)
Golgi body
what is the function of RER
site of protein synthesis
where is membrane lipid formed
smooth ER
what does Golgi apparatus do
- forms complex oligosaccharides
- protein phosphorylation
- proteolysis
what does actin form
microfilaments (5nm in diameter)
what does tubulin form
microtubules (25nm in diameter)
what is the diameter of intermediate filaments
10nm
which intermediate filament is predominantly found in muscle
desmin
where is rhodopsin found
retina (it’s a pigment)
what is haemosiderin
iron-containing brown pigment
what are some types of supporting tissues
cartilage
bone
tendons
blood
what are some functions of epithelia (3)
protection
absorption
secretion
what type of epithelium are blood vessels
simple squamous
which epithelium lines inside of blood vessels
endothelium
which epithelium lines outside of lungs
mesothelium
which epithelium lines abdominal organs
peritoneum
do the small intestines have microvilli or cilia
microvilli
what kind of epithelium do the trachea n fallopian tube have
lined by ciliated columnar epithelium
what is resp epithelium like
pseudostratified
columnar
ciliated
epithelium
which 2 proteins are involved in generation of ciliary movement
tubules
dynein
are collagen and elastin contractile or non contractile proteins
non contractile
are actin and myosin contractile or non contractile proteins
contractile proteins
where are the basal cells present against
basement membrane
what is the dead keratin layer
stratum corneum
what is the keratohyaline granule layer
stratum granulosum
where does the dermis lie
below the basement membrane
what do hemidesmosomes bind
basal cell layer
to the
basement membrane
a gland secreted by shedding individual cells. what type of secretion
holocrine
what is it called when the cell products are released by exocytosis from apical cell surface
merocrine secretion
name 3 types of exocrine secertion
apocrine
merocrine
holocrine
what is endocrine secretion
release of products from the cell base into the blood stream
which cells produce collagen and elastin
fibroblasts
what are the visible fibres in extracellular material
collagen
elastin
reticulin
what type of fibres are fibronectin and laminin
invisible fibres
what 2 things form the ground substance
glycosaminoglycans
proteoglycans
where is type V collagen prevalent
placenta
where is elastic cartilage found
epiglottis
pinna of ear
where is fibrous cartilage found
symphysis pubis
IVD
what type of cartilage is the knee joint
hyaline
what is white adipose tissue like
single large non-membrane-bound globules of lipid in each cell
pushing nuclei to celle edges
what do brown adipocytes have
multiple fat globules
where is brown adipose tissue abundant
neonates
where is brown adipose tissue found in neonates
neck
back
around aorta
around kidneys
where is brown adipose tissue found in adults
btwn shoulder blades
how does brown adipose tissue play a role in thermo-regulation
by producing heat through metabolism of fat
what is dense regular collective tissue characterised by
all collagen fibres running in the same orientation (leg and tendons)
what kind of connective tissue does penile fascia have
dense irregular connective tissue
what kind of connective tissue does artery adventitia have
loose irregular connective tissue
what kind of connective tissue does dermis have
dense and loose irregular connective tissue
what is penile erectile tissue like
numerous blood vessels
dense irregular fibrous CT bounded by a dense irregular fibrous CT fascia
what does elastic cartilage look like histologically
pale faintly basophilic EC matrix that contains elastin fibres, with entrapped chondrocytes
where is smooth muscle found
walls of blood vessels
walls of airways
in walls of gut, ureters, vas deferent etc
what layer of the uterus does smooth muscle form
muscular layer (myometrium)
