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(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions > cvs histology formatives > Flashcards

cvs histology formatives Flashcards

1
Q

what is the diff btwn elastic and muscular arteries

A

arteries closest to heart eg aorta, pulmonary = elastic

all others = muscular

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2
Q

name some examples of muscular arteries

A

radial

splenic

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3
Q

what is present in arteries but not veins

A

external elastic lamina

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4
Q

what are pericytes

A

contractile cells that wrap around the outside of capillaries

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5
Q

what regulates capillary diameter

A

pericytes

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6
Q

what do capillaries comprise

A

endothelial cells resting oo a basement membrane

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7
Q

are capillaries fenestratd

A

some are eg kidney/liver but most are not

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8
Q

what are fenestrations

A

gaps in the endothelial layer

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9
Q

how many um thick are arterioles

A

100 um

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10
Q

what is the diff btwn endometrium, perineurium and epineurium?

A

endoneurium: present btwn individual axons
perineurium: surrounds group of axons to form fascicles
epineurium: binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

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11
Q

what binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

A

epineurium

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12
Q

what surrounds groups of axons to form fascicles

A

perineurium

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13
Q

what produces myelin

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

how is myelin produced

A

when a single Schwann cell wraps itself repeatedly around part of an axon

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15
Q

is myelin 1 layer of Schwann cell membrane

A

no, it is multiple

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16
Q

what is a devoid of myelin

A

nodes of Ranvier

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17
Q

what is the name for the small pockets of cytoplasm left behind during Schwann cell myelination

A

schmidt-lanterman incisures

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18
Q

how many axons are myelinated by a single Schwann cell

A

1

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19
Q

how many Schwann cells support unmyelinated axons

A

many

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20
Q

where are the cell bodies of motor neurones

A

in the grey matter of the spinal cord

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21
Q

where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons

A

dorsal root ganglion

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22
Q

where are the cell bodies in grey matter of cord and in adjacent sympathetic ganglia

A

sympathetic neurons

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23
Q

where are parasympathetic neuron cell bodies

A

in brain and local ganglia

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24
Q

what proportion the blood is WBC/platelets

A

1%

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25
what is the diff btwn plasma and serum
serum = plasma with clotting factors removed
26
what % of blood is RBC
43%
27
what % of blood is plasma
56%
28
where are erythrocytes first prod in utero
yolk sac then liver then bone marrow
29
where is haematopoiesis in adults confined to
flat bone marrow | proximal ends of humeri n femurs
30
where are rbc destroyed
liver n spleen
31
what is the prominent leukocyte
neutrophil
32
what are the 3 granulocytes n respective %
40-75% neutrophils 5% eosinophils 0.5% basophils
33
what are the 2 agranuocytes and respective %
20-50% lymphocytes | 1-5% monocytes
34
what do eosinophils play a role in
defence against parasitic infections
35
where do b lymphocytes mature in adults
bone marrow
36
what does a lymphocyte look like histologocially
roundish nucleus surrounded by thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm w no granules
37
how are basophils and eosinophils similar and different
both bear receptors to IgE | but antagonistic in function
38
what do basophils release
histamine
39
what do eosinophils do
counteract histamine action
40
what are antibodies secreted by
plasma cells
41
do neutrophils bear IgE receptors
no
42
what do monocytes give rise to (5)
1. tissue macrophages (everywhere) 2. kupffer cells (liver) 3. osteoclasts (bone) 4. antigen presenting cells (everywhere) 5. alveolar macrophages (lungs)
43
what are platelets
membrane bound fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm
44
where does erythropoiesis occur away from
bony trabeculae
45
what is the outermost layer of the heart
visceral pericardium
46
what are the layers of the heart (outer to inner)
visceral pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium
47
what is the parietal pericardium
fibros sac that contains the heart
48
what type of epithelium is the pericardium
simple squamous (mesothelium)
49
where else is mesothelium found
pericardium pleura peritoneum
50
what are cardiac myocytes like?
- branching cells - each with a single nucleus - myofibrils in register - appear striated
51
which myocytes secrete ANP
atrial myocytes
52
what is the cytoplasm of purkinje fibre cells rich in
glycogen
53
where are purkinje fibre cells located
immediately below the endocardium
54
what is the prime function of purkinje fibre cells
to conduct cardiac impulse
55
how do myocytes of SAN differ from normal myocytes
no intercalated discs
56
which cells line the surface of cardiac valves
vascular endothelial cells
57
what are the nodules of Arantius
nodules of fibroelastic tissue on centre of free edge of each of cusps in aortic n pulmonary valve
58
which yellow/brown pigment accumulates in cardiac myocytes w increasing age
lipofuscin: "wear and tear" pigment
59
do the coronary arteries have an external elastic lamina
yes
60
which layer of the heart do the coronary arteries run in
epicardium
61
what are weibel-palade bodies
storage granules found in cytoplasm of endothelial cells: contain VWF
62
which tissues don't have lymphatics
cartilage eye bone marrow
63
where does erythropoiesis occur away from
bony trabeculae
64
what is the outermost layer of the heart
visceral pericardium
65
what are the layers of the heart (outer to inner)
visceral pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium
66
what is the parietal pericardium
fibros sac that contains the heart
67
what type of epithelium is the pericardium
simple squamous (mesothelium)
68
where else is mesothelium found
pericardium pleura peritoneum
69
what are cardiac myocytes like?
- branching cells - each with a single nucleus - myofibrils in register - appear striated
70
which myocytes secrete ANP
atrial myocytes
71
what is the cytoplasm of purkinje fibre cells rich in
glycogen
72
where are purkinje fibre cells located
immediately below the endocardium
73
what is the prime function of purkinje fibre cells
to conduct cardiac impulse
74
how do myocytes of SAN differ from normal myocytes
no intercalated discs
75
which cells line the surface of cardiac valves
vascular endothelial cells
76
what are the nodules of Arantius
nodules of fibroelastic tissue on centre of free edge of each of cusps in aortic n pulmonary valve
77
which yellow/brown pigment accumulates in cardiac myocytes w increasing age
lipofuscin: "wear and tear" pigment
78
do the coronary arteries have an external elastic lamina
yes
79
which layer of the heart do the coronary arteries run in
epicardium
80
what are weibel-palade bodies
storage granules found in cytoplasm of endothelial cells: contain VWF
81
which tissues don't have lymphatics
cartilage eye bone marrow

(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions (6 decks)

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