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(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions > cvs histology formatives > Flashcards

cvs histology formatives Flashcards

1
Q

what is the diff btwn elastic and muscular arteries

A

arteries closest to heart eg aorta, pulmonary = elastic

all others = muscular

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2
Q

name some examples of muscular arteries

A

radial

splenic

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3
Q

what is present in arteries but not veins

A

external elastic lamina

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4
Q

what are pericytes

A

contractile cells that wrap around the outside of capillaries

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5
Q

what regulates capillary diameter

A

pericytes

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6
Q

what do capillaries comprise

A

endothelial cells resting oo a basement membrane

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7
Q

are capillaries fenestratd

A

some are eg kidney/liver but most are not

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8
Q

what are fenestrations

A

gaps in the endothelial layer

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9
Q

how many um thick are arterioles

A

100 um

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10
Q

what is the diff btwn endometrium, perineurium and epineurium?

A

endoneurium: present btwn individual axons
perineurium: surrounds group of axons to form fascicles
epineurium: binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

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11
Q

what binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

A

epineurium

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12
Q

what surrounds groups of axons to form fascicles

A

perineurium

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13
Q

what produces myelin

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

how is myelin produced

A

when a single Schwann cell wraps itself repeatedly around part of an axon

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15
Q

is myelin 1 layer of Schwann cell membrane

A

no, it is multiple

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16
Q

what is a devoid of myelin

A

nodes of Ranvier

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17
Q

what is the name for the small pockets of cytoplasm left behind during Schwann cell myelination

A

schmidt-lanterman incisures

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18
Q

how many axons are myelinated by a single Schwann cell

A

1

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19
Q

how many Schwann cells support unmyelinated axons

A

many

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20
Q

where are the cell bodies of motor neurones

A

in the grey matter of the spinal cord

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21
Q

where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons

A

dorsal root ganglion

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22
Q

where are the cell bodies in grey matter of cord and in adjacent sympathetic ganglia

A

sympathetic neurons

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23
Q

where are parasympathetic neuron cell bodies

A

in brain and local ganglia

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24
Q

what proportion the blood is WBC/platelets

A

1%

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25
Q

what is the diff btwn plasma and serum

A

serum = plasma with clotting factors removed

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26
Q

what % of blood is RBC

A

43%

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27
Q

what % of blood is plasma

A

56%

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28
Q

where are erythrocytes first prod in utero

A

yolk sac
then liver
then bone marrow

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29
Q

where is haematopoiesis in adults confined to

A

flat bone marrow

proximal ends of humeri n femurs

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30
Q

where are rbc destroyed

A

liver n spleen

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31
Q

what is the prominent leukocyte

A

neutrophil

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32
Q

what are the 3 granulocytes n respective %

A

40-75% neutrophils
5% eosinophils
0.5% basophils

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33
Q

what are the 2 agranuocytes and respective %

A

20-50% lymphocytes

1-5% monocytes

34
Q

what do eosinophils play a role in

A

defence against parasitic infections

35
Q

where do b lymphocytes mature in adults

A

bone marrow

36
Q

what does a lymphocyte look like histologocially

A

roundish nucleus surrounded by thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm w no granules

37
Q

how are basophils and eosinophils similar and different

A

both bear receptors to IgE

but antagonistic in function

38
Q

what do basophils release

A

histamine

39
Q

what do eosinophils do

A

counteract histamine action

40
Q

what are antibodies secreted by

A

plasma cells

41
Q

do neutrophils bear IgE receptors

A

no

42
Q

what do monocytes give rise to (5)

A
  1. tissue macrophages (everywhere)
  2. kupffer cells (liver)
  3. osteoclasts (bone)
  4. antigen presenting cells (everywhere)
  5. alveolar macrophages (lungs)
43
Q

what are platelets

A

membrane bound fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm

44
Q

where does erythropoiesis occur away from

A

bony trabeculae

45
Q

what is the outermost layer of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

46
Q

what are the layers of the heart (outer to inner)

A

visceral pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

47
Q

what is the parietal pericardium

A

fibros sac that contains the heart

48
Q

what type of epithelium is the pericardium

A

simple squamous (mesothelium)

49
Q

where else is mesothelium found

A

pericardium
pleura
peritoneum

50
Q

what are cardiac myocytes like?

A
  • branching cells
  • each with a single nucleus
  • myofibrils in register
  • appear striated
51
Q

which myocytes secrete ANP

A

atrial myocytes

52
Q

what is the cytoplasm of purkinje fibre cells rich in

A

glycogen

53
Q

where are purkinje fibre cells located

A

immediately below the endocardium

54
Q

what is the prime function of purkinje fibre cells

A

to conduct cardiac impulse

55
Q

how do myocytes of SAN differ from normal myocytes

A

no intercalated discs

56
Q

which cells line the surface of cardiac valves

A

vascular endothelial cells

57
Q

what are the nodules of Arantius

A

nodules of fibroelastic tissue on centre of free edge of each of cusps in aortic n pulmonary valve

58
Q

which yellow/brown pigment accumulates in cardiac myocytes w increasing age

A

lipofuscin: “wear and tear” pigment

59
Q

do the coronary arteries have an external elastic lamina

A

yes

60
Q

which layer of the heart do the coronary arteries run in

A

epicardium

61
Q

what are weibel-palade bodies

A

storage granules found in cytoplasm of endothelial cells: contain VWF

62
Q

which tissues don’t have lymphatics

A

cartilage
eye
bone marrow

63
Q

where does erythropoiesis occur away from

A

bony trabeculae

64
Q

what is the outermost layer of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

65
Q

what are the layers of the heart (outer to inner)

A

visceral pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

66
Q

what is the parietal pericardium

A

fibros sac that contains the heart

67
Q

what type of epithelium is the pericardium

A

simple squamous (mesothelium)

68
Q

where else is mesothelium found

A

pericardium
pleura
peritoneum

69
Q

what are cardiac myocytes like?

A
  • branching cells
  • each with a single nucleus
  • myofibrils in register
  • appear striated
70
Q

which myocytes secrete ANP

A

atrial myocytes

71
Q

what is the cytoplasm of purkinje fibre cells rich in

A

glycogen

72
Q

where are purkinje fibre cells located

A

immediately below the endocardium

73
Q

what is the prime function of purkinje fibre cells

A

to conduct cardiac impulse

74
Q

how do myocytes of SAN differ from normal myocytes

A

no intercalated discs

75
Q

which cells line the surface of cardiac valves

A

vascular endothelial cells

76
Q

what are the nodules of Arantius

A

nodules of fibroelastic tissue on centre of free edge of each of cusps in aortic n pulmonary valve

77
Q

which yellow/brown pigment accumulates in cardiac myocytes w increasing age

A

lipofuscin: “wear and tear” pigment

78
Q

do the coronary arteries have an external elastic lamina

A

yes

79
Q

which layer of the heart do the coronary arteries run in

A

epicardium

80
Q

what are weibel-palade bodies

A

storage granules found in cytoplasm of endothelial cells: contain VWF

81
Q

which tissues don’t have lymphatics

A

cartilage
eye
bone marrow

(SALMA) Histology Formative Questions (6 decks)

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