sugars Flashcards
what is the structure of heparin
oligosaccharide
what is heparin?
anticoagulant
give examples of monomers
glucose
fructose
galactose
mannose
how can you modify sugars?
replace the OH group with an amine, phosphate or sulphate
remove the OH group
give an example of a sugar phosphate and how its made
glucose 6-phosphate
phosphorylation of glucose using ATP
name some sulphated sugars
chondroitin sulfate
heparan sulfate
dermatan sulfate
what enzyme makes sulphated sugars?
sulpho-transferase
what is the role of sulphated sugars?
ECM - negative so they can hold water
lubricants and shock absorbers
what catalyses the formation of a glycosidic bond?
glycosyl transferase
what enzymes are used to break glycosidic bonds?
hydrolases
describe the structure of glycogen
alpha glucose
main chain is a-1,4
side chains are a-1,6
what is the role of glycogen
energy store in liver and muscles
broken down by glycogen phosphorylase
name disaccharides and what they’re made up of?
- Maltose (Glc-Glc)
- Sucrose (Glc-Fru)
- Lactose (Gal-Glc)
what bond is in disaccharides?
glycosidic bond
what are oligosaccharides?
3-10 monosaccharides