sugars Flashcards

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1
Q

what is sugar a general term for?

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

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2
Q

what are the simplest sugars?

A

monosaccharides

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3
Q

what elements do all carbohydrates contain?

A

C, H AND O

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4
Q

what type of sugar is glucose?

A

hexose- has six carbon atoms per molecule

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5
Q

what are the two types of glucose? ( isomers)

A

alpha glucose and beta glucose

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6
Q

what are isomers?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula as each other, but with the atoms connected in a different way

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7
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

two monomers joined together in a condensation reaction.

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8
Q

what type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction?

A

glycosidic bond

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9
Q

name three disaccharides and the monosaccharides they are mad from?

A

Glucose + Glucose= Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
Glucose + Galactose = lactose

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10
Q

Whats the test for sugars? ( reducing or non reducing)

A

The Benedicts test

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11
Q

what does the Benedicts test actually test for?

A

whether a sugar is a reducing or non reducing sugar

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12
Q

what does reducing sugars include ?

A

all monosaccharides and some disaccharides

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13
Q

explain the Benedicts reagent test?

A
  • add benedicts reagent( blue) to the sugar sample
  • heat these in a water bath
  • if a colored precipitate forms then a reducing sugar is present
  • the further the colour the higher the concentration of reducing sugar( green - yellow- orange- brick red)
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14
Q

What is an accurate way to compare the amounts of reducing sugars in different samples?

A

filter the solutions and weigh the precipitate or use a colorimeter to measure absorbency of remaining benedicts reagent.

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15
Q

what do u do if the reducing sugars test is negative?

A
  • Heat new sample with dilute hydrochloric acid
  • neutralize sample by adding sodium hydrogen-carbonate-
  • heat sample with benedicts reagent
  • if it still stays blue there is no non reducing sugars present
  • if colored precipitate forms a non reducing sugar is present
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